American robotic spacecraft send to Venus in 1978; last spacecraft in Pioneer program
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations.(January 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, also known as Pioneer Venus 2 or Pioneer 13, was a spacecraft launched in 1978 to explore Venus as part of NASA's Pioneer program. This part of the mission included a spacecraft bus which was launched from Earth carrying one large and three smaller probes, which after separating penetrated the Venusian atmosphere at a different location, returning data as they descended into the planet's thick atmosphere. The entry occurred on December 9, 1978.
^ ab"Pioneer Venus Multiprobe/Pioneer Venus 2/Pioneer 13". NASA's Solar System Exploration website. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
and 30 Related for: Pioneer Venus Multiprobe information
PioneerVenusMultiprobe, also known as PioneerVenus 2 or Pioneer 13, was a spacecraft launched in 1978 to explore Venus as part of NASA's Pioneer program...
The PioneerVenus project was part of the Pioneer program consisting of two spacecraft, the PioneerVenus Orbiter and the PioneerVenusMultiprobe, launched...
gathered by PioneerVenusMultiprobe in 1978 has also revealed the presence of phosphine and its dissociation products in the atmosphere of Venus. In 2021...
ammonia in the atmosphere of Venus was tentatively detected by two atmospheric probes - Venera 8 and PioneerVenusMultiprobe, although the detection was...
A transit of Venus takes place when Venus passes directly between the Sun and the Earth (or any other superior planet), becoming visible against (and hence...
terraforming of Venus or the terraformation of Venus is the hypothetical process of engineering the global environment of the planet Venus in order to make...
surface of Venus is dominated by geologic features that include volcanoes, large impact craters, and aeolian erosion and sedimentation landforms. Venus has a...
the atmosphere of Venus since the Soviet VeGa probes in 1985, and the first atmospheric probe by NASA since the PioneerVenusMultiprobe mission in 1978...
a descent probe planned for 2029 PioneerVenusMultiprobe Venera, a series of Soviet probes and landers Life on Venus EscaPADE, an interplanetary mission...
A transit of Venus was observed from Earth on 8 June 2004. The event received significant attention, since it was the first Venus transit after the invention...
The planet Venus has been used as a setting in fiction since before the 19th century. Its opaque cloud cover gave science fiction writers free rein to...
two Pioneer spacecraft to Venus. The Pioneer mission consisted of two components, launched separately: an orbiter and a multiprobe. The PioneerVenus Multiprobe...
remains. Venera 8-14 and Vega 1 and 2 were explicitly designed to land on Venus and are not included in this list. Ranger 4 Ranger 6 Rangers 7, 8, and 9...
The 2012 transit of Venus, when the planet Venus appeared as a small, dark spot passing across the face of the Sun, began at 22:09 UTC on 5 June 2012,...
Venus, as one of the brightest objects in the sky, has been known since prehistoric times and has been a major fixture in human culture for as long as...
saw the launch of the PioneerVenus missions launched by the United States, on 20 May and 8 August. The PioneerVenusMultiprobe landed four spacecraft...
The Vega program (Russian: Вега) was a series of Venus missions that also took advantage of the appearance of comet 1P/Halley in 1986. Vega 1 and Vega...
Ancient Greek: Ἕσπερος, romanized: Hésperos) is the Evening Star, the planet Venus in the evening. A son of the dawn goddess Eos (Roman Aurora), he is the...
The phases of Venus are the variations of lighting seen on the planet's surface, similar to lunar phases. The first recorded observations of them are...
Venus, the second planet from the Sun, is classified as a terrestrial planet. It is sometimes called Earth's "sister planet" due to their similar size...
volcanoes. In addition, Venus has unusual types of volcanoes: pancake domes and scalloped margin domes. Most small volcanoes on Venus are nameless. Due to...
The colonization of Venus has been a subject of many works of science fiction since before the dawn of spaceflight, and is still discussed from both a...
Venus has an orbit with a semi-major axis of 0.723 au (108,200,000 km; 67,200,000 mi), and an eccentricity of 0.007. The low eccentricity and comparatively...
The Venera (Russian: Вене́ра, pronounced [vʲɪˈnʲɛrə], which means "Venus" in Russian) program was the name given to a series of space probes developed...
Global Information
