The 1931 CIE photopic luminosity function. The horizontal axis is wavelength in nm.
Photopic vision is the vision of the eye under well-lit conditions (luminance levels from 10 to 108 cd/m2). In humans and many other animals, photopic vision allows color perception, mediated by cone cells, and a significantly higher visual acuity and temporal resolution than available with scotopic vision.
The human eye uses three types of cones to sense light in three bands of color. The biological pigments of the cones have maximum absorption values at wavelengths of about 420 nm (blue), 534 nm (bluish-green), and 564 nm (yellowish-green). Their sensitivity ranges overlap to provide vision throughout the visible spectrum. The maximum efficacy is 683 lm/W at a wavelength of 555 nm (green).[1] By definition, light at a frequency of 5.4×1014 hertz (λ = 555.17. . . nm) has a luminous efficacy of 683 lm/W.
The wavelengths for when a person is in photopic vary with the intensity of light. For the blue-green region (500 nm), 50% of the light reaches the image point of the retina.[2]
Adaptation is much faster under photopic vision; it can occur in 5 minutes for photopic vision but it can take 30 minutes to transition from photopic to scotopic.[2]
Most older adult humans lose photopic spatial contrast sensitivity. Adults in their 70s tend to require about 30–60% more contrast to detect high spatial frequencies than adults in their 20s.[3]
The human eye uses scotopic vision under low-light conditions (luminance level 10−6 to 10−3.5 cd/m2), and mesopic vision in intermediate conditions (luminance level 10−3 to 100.5 cd/m2).
^Pelz, J. (1993). Leslie D. Stroebel, Richard D. Zakia (ed.). The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography (3E ed.). Focal Press. p. 467. ISBN 978-0-240-51417-8. 683 luminous efficacy.
^ ab"Molecular Expressions". Archived from the original on 2017-12-16. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
^Burton, Kerri B.; Cynthia Owsley; Michale E. Sloane (4 June 1992). "Aging and Neural Spatial Contrast Sensitivity: Photopic Vision". Vision Research. 33 (7): 939–949. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90077-a. PMID 8506637. S2CID 26003597.
Photopicvision is the vision of the eye under well-lit conditions (luminance levels from 10 to 108 cd/m2). In humans and many other animals, photopic...
under scotopic vision as it does under photopicvision. Of the two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina, rods dominate scotopic vision. This dominance...
Mesopic vision, sometimes also called twilight vision, is a combination of photopic and scotopic vision under low-light (but not necessarily dark) conditions...
conditions (photopicvision). One can also define a similar curve for dim conditions (scotopic vision). When neither is specified, photopic conditions...
environment through photopicvision (daytime vision), color vision, scotopic vision (night vision), and mesopic vision (twilight vision), using light in...
goggles"), the cones can receive enough light to provide photopicvision (namely the high-acuity vision required for reading). The rods are not saturated by...
cones are primarily responsible for day-light photopicvision. For all known vertebrates, scotopic vision is monochromatic, since there is typically only...
European norm (EN ISO 8596, previously DIN 58220). Daylight vision (i.e. photopicvision) is subserved by cone receptor cells which have high spatial...
both rod cells and cone cells (for scotopic and photopicvision), and most species have colour vision. Some fish can see ultraviolet and some are sensitive...
frequency. Under these conditions, photopicvision dominates the visual perception of our eyes over the scotopic vision. At other frequencies, more radiant...
prevents their cones (and therefore photopicvision) from functioning. Achromats rely solely on their scotopic vision. The severity of achromatopsia is...
wavelengths within the spectrum. When adapted for bright conditions (photopicvision), the eye is most sensitive to yellow-green light at 555 nm. Light...
two visual systems, one for photopicvision, used in daylight, which is mediated by cone cells, and one for scotopic vision, used in dim light, which is...
effect. The human visual system switches from photopic (cone-dominated) vision to scotopic (rod-dominated) vision when luminance levels decrease. Rods have...
the specimen SAM-PK-K10034 may have had mesopic vision, and Cyonosaurus scotopic or photopicvision. The diameters of the sclerotic rings for the small...
is known that the rod cells are more suited to scotopic vision and cone cells to photopicvision, and that they differ in their sensitivity to different...
function would be exactly equal to the photopic luminous efficiency function V(λ) for the "CIE standard photopic observer". The luminance function describes...
wavelengths within the spectrum. When adapted for bright conditions (photopicvision), the eye is most sensitive to light at a wavelength of 555 nm. Light...
respectively. Humans have trichromatic photopicvision consisting of three opponent process channels that enable color vision. Rod photoreceptors are the most...
generally have both rods and cones (for scotopic and photopicvision); many species have colour vision, often with three types of cone. Teleosts can see...
mesopic vision, meaning that they can detect light only in low levels, whereas other mammals have photopicvision, which allows colour vision. Microbats...
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