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Photon noise is the randomness[citation needed] in signal associated with photons arriving at a detector. For a simple black body emitting on an absorber, the noise-equivalent power is given by
where is the Planck constant, is the central frequency, is the bandwidth, is the occupation number and is the optical efficiency.
The first term is essentially shot noise whereas the second term is related to the bosonic character of photons, variously known as "Bose noise" or "wave noise". At low occupation number, such as in the visible spectrum, the shot noise term dominates. At high occupation number, however, typical of the radio spectrum, the Bose term dominates.
Photonnoise is the randomness[citation needed] in signal associated with photons arriving at a detector. For a simple black body emitting on an absorber...
discrete nature of electric charge. Shot noise also occurs in photon counting in optical devices, where shot noise is associated with the particle nature...
digital camera. Image noise can also originate in film grain and in the unavoidable shot noise of an ideal photon detector. Image noise is an undesirable...
read noise is the total of all the electronic noises in the conversion chain for the pixels in the sensor array. To compare it with photonnoise, it must...
number of photons varies randomly. Thus, the excess noise factor of a photon-counting detector is unity, and the achievable signal-to-noise ratio for...
Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are figures of merit that indicate degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is caused by components in...
is a form of quantum noise related to the statistics of photon counting, the discrete nature of electrons, and intrinsic noise generation in electronics...
blurring and noise. In microscopy the blurring is largely due to diffraction limited imaging by the instrument; the noise is usually photonnoise. The scientific...
print. This is related to shot noise, to be discussed further below. Due to the stochastic variations in arriving photon numbers, some areas designated...
"quasi-ballistic" photons are often measured as well, to increase the signal 'strength' (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio). Ballistic photons have many applications...
the faintest limiting magnitude cannot be significantly improved for photon-noise limited detectors (see Buscher & Haniff 1993). Aperture Masking Interferometry...
noise sources except for photonnoise and quantization noise can be included into a single parameter, the variance of the dark noise. Thus the model contains...
describing the statistics of the difference of two images with simple photonnoise, as well as describing the point spread distribution in sports where...
(photon number) noise but a narrow phase distribution. Nevertheless, the statistics of amplitude squeezed light was not observed directly with photon number...
this patent. Photodiodes generally operate by impact ionization, whereby a photon provides the energy to separate charge carriers in the semiconductor material...
{\displaystyle \epsilon } is sometimes known (e.g.: profiling sensor and photonnoise) and may optionally be incorporated into the model, though this process...
avalanche breakdown effect to detect even single photons. The silicon avalanche photodiode is a high-gain photon detector. They are "ideal for use in high-speed...
optical amplifiers as a source of noise; Raman scattering generators extract entropy from the interaction of photons with the solid-state materials; optical...
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