Change in tone contour based on adjacent syllable tones
Sound change and alternation
Metathesis
Quantitative metathesis
Lenition
Consonant gradation
Consonant voicing and devoicing
Assibilation
Spirantization
L-vocalization
Debuccalization
Fortition
Epenthesis
Prothesis
Paragoge
Unpacking
Vowel breaking
Elision
Apheresis
Syncope
Apocope
Haplology
Cluster reduction
Transphonologization
Compensatory lengthening
Nasalization
Tonogenesis
Floating tone
Assimilation
Fusion
Coarticulation
Palatalization
Velarization
Labialization
Final devoicing
Metaphony (vowel harmony, umlaut)
Consonant harmony
Dissimilation
Sandhi
Liaison, linking R
Consonant mutation
Tone sandhi
Vowel hiatus
Synalepha
Elision
Crasis
Synaeresis and diaeresis
Synizesis
Other types
Apophony
Affrication
Gemination
Clipping
Fronting
Raising
Betacism
Iotacism
Fusion
Merger
Compensatory lengthening
Monophthongization
Rhotacism
Rhinoglottophilia
Sulcalization
Shm-reduplication
Consonant mutation
Vowel shift
Chain shift
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This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Tone sandhi is a phonological change that occurs in tonal languages. It involves changes to the tones assigned to individual words or morphemes, based on the pronunciation of adjacent words or morphemes. This change typically simplifies a bidirectional tone into a one-directional tone. Tone sandhi is a type of sandhi, which refers to fusional changes, and is derived from the Sanskrit word for "joining."
transcription delimiters. Tonesandhi is a phonological change that occurs in tonal languages. It involves changes to the tones assigned to individual words...
English show linking and intrusive R. A subset of sandhi called tonesandhi more specifically refers to tone changes between words and syllables. This is a...
this tone change is ambiguous, and some authors consider it a tonesandhi akin to the third tonesandhi. Yuen Ren Chao considered the changed tone 2 to...
normal tonesandhi rules above): If the original tone number is 5, pronounce it as tone number 5. If the original tone number is 7, pronounce it as tone number...
vowels, even compared to some Germanic languages, and highly complex tonesandhi. This article will use Wugniu and IPA for transcription. Much like other...
extensive tonesandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules. The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are...
Shanghainese also has a low number of tones compared to other languages in Southern China and has a system of tonesandhi similar to Japanese pitch accent...
literary and colloquial readings. The tonesandhi present in Suzhou dialect introduces 4 completely new tones. ˧ (33), ˨˩ (21), ˨˩˨ (212), and ˨ʔ (2)...
the sandhi rules for the "Yin" register; and the sandhitone Ĭng-ĭk-gák 陰入乙 ˨˦, which comes from the historical "Yin" register, follow the sandhi rules...
syllable of nouns and clause endings remain unchanged by tonesandhi. The two-syllable tonesandhi rules are shown in the table below: Min is believed to...
tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the...
when sandhi occurs. Similarly, the qu tone changes from ˥˧ (53) to ˦ (55) under sandhi. These are shown in red in the following table. The neutral tone occurs...
Shantou dialect has 18 initials, 61 rimes and 8 tones. Shantou dialect has extremely extensive tonesandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable...
undergo tonesandhi as described above. Double hyphens (--) are used in instances where the preceding syllable does not undergo tonesandhi. Tone marks...
6 has been lost among most speakers. Amoy has extremely extensive tonesandhi (tone-changing) rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced...
may occur together, but the number of resulting tones is reduced by tonesandhi. Of the six phonetic tones, there are only fourteen lexical patterns created...
respectively) Reversed Chao tone letters indicate tonesandhi, with the right-stem letters on the left for the underlying tone, and left-stem ('reversed')...
Hanping, and Pleco are taken from Laowai's blog Tone Colors and What Pleco Did with Them. Tonesandhi is not ordinarily reflected in pinyin spelling....
light departing (陽去 Iòng-ké̤ṳ) tone is a mid falling tone, whose fall in pitch is not as dramatic. In tonesandhi, a new tone contour, one that rises (˧˥...
extensive tonesandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules. The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are...
bu, respectively, regardless of the tone in which they are pronounced. In other words changes due to tonesandhi are not reflected in GR. See Chao(1948):19-24...
entering tones: Upper (dark, 陰入), also numbered tone 4 Lower (light, 陽入), tone 8 A word may switch from one tone to the other by tonesandhi. Words with...
employs extremely complex tonesandhi, or tone changes that occur when words are put together into phrases. The tonesandhi of Jin is notable in two ways...
consonants. All have phonemic tones, with northern varieties tending to have fewer distinctions than southern ones. Many have tonesandhi, with the most complex...
still not large, all three light tones after sandhi may be described as identical and equal to pre-sandhitone ⑦. The sandhi rules for Northern Teochew may...
levels for Taishanese tones. The changed tone can change the meaning of a word, and this distinguishes the changed tones from tonesandhi, which does not change...