1%–2% (in uncircumcised males 18 years or older)[8][4]
Phimosis (from Greek φίμωσις phimōsis 'muzzling'[9][10][11]) is a condition in which the foreskin of the penis cannot stretch to allow it to be pulled back past the glans.[3] A balloon-like swelling under the foreskin may occur with urination.[3] In teenagers and adults, it may result in pain during an erection, but is otherwise not painful.[3] Those affected are at greater risk of inflammation of the glans, known as balanitis, and other complications.[3]
In young boys, it is normal not to be able to pull back the foreskin at all.[7] Over 90% of cases resolve by the age of seven, although full retraction is still prevented by preputial adhesions in over half at this age.[5][7] Occasionally, phimosis may be caused by an underlying condition such as scarring due to balanitis or balanitis xerotica obliterans.[5] This can typically be diagnosed by seeing scarring of the opening of the foreskin.[5]
Typically, the condition resolves without treatment by the age of 18.[4] Efforts to pull back the foreskin during the early years of a young male's life should not be attempted.[7] For those in whom the condition does not improve further, time can be given or a steroid cream may be used to attempt to loosen the tight skin.[7] If this method, combined with stretching exercises, is not effective, then other treatments such as circumcision may be recommended.[7] A potential complication of phimosis is paraphimosis, where the tight foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans.[5]
^OED 2nd edition, 1989 as /faɪˈməʊsɪs/.
^Entry "phimosis" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary Archived 2017-09-22 at the Wayback Machine.
^ abcdefg"Phimosis". PubMed Health. Archived from the original on 5 November 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
^ abc"Natural Foreskin Retraction in Intact Children and Teens". Peaceful Parenting.
^ abcdeMcGregor TB, Pike JG, Leonard MP (March 2007). "Pathologic and physiologic phimosis: approach to the phimotic foreskin". Canadian Family Physician. 53 (3): 445–8. PMC 1949079. PMID 17872680.
^ abDomino FJ, Baldor RA, Golding J (2013). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2014. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-4511-8850-9.
^ abcdef"What are the treatment options for phimosis?". PubMed Health. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. 7 October 2015. Archived from the original on 5 November 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
^"Phimosis". Doctors Opposing Circumcision. 6 July 2016.
^φίμωσις, φιμός. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
^Harper D. "phimosis". Online Etymology Dictionary.
^Kirk RH, Winslet MC (2007). Essential General Surgical Operations. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 365. ISBN 978-0-443-10314-8. Archived from the original on 2017-11-05.
Phimosis (from Greek φίμωσις phimōsis 'muzzling') is a condition in which the foreskin of the penis cannot stretch to allow it to be pulled back past...
research?] A cream with 0.05% betamethasone appears effective in treating phimosis in boys,[needs update] and often averts the need for circumcision. It has...
circumcision to relieve conditions such as failure of the foreskin to retract (phimosis) or failure to cover the glans penis (paraphimosis), although a perception...
Foley catheter). Phimosis (both pathologic and normal childhood physiologic forms) is a risk factor for paraphimosis; physiologic phimosis resolves naturally...
do so becomes problematic (pathological phimosis) circumcision is a treatment option. This pathological phimosis may be due to scarring from the skin disease...
to 8% among 14- to 17-year-olds (amongst those who did not present with phimosis and could be examined). The production of smegma, which increases during...
intercourse.[medical citation needed] Phimosis is a condition where the foreskin of an adult cannot be retracted properly. Phimosis can be treated by using topical...
penis are associated with about 3.9 times increased risk of cancer. Phimosis—Phimosis is a medical condition where the foreskin cannot be fully retracted...
has not expanded after adolescence. Preputioplasty is a treatment for phimosis in the alternative to circumcision and radical dorsal slit which is conservative...
confused with that of phimosis and a generally tight foreskin, since the symptom is difficulty retracting the foreskin. Most men with phimosis also have frenulum...
elasticity may lead to pathologic phimosis. Further complications may include: Stricture of urinary meatus Phimosis Paraphimosis Inflammation has many...
be prescribed. A common risk factor is diabetes. Posthitis can lead to phimosis, the tightening of the foreskin which makes it difficult to retract over...
Louis-Auguste suffered from a physiological dysfunction, most often thought to be phimosis, a suggestion first made in late 1772 by the royal doctors. Historians...
was raised about how both of them urinated, the boys were diagnosed with phimosis. They were referred for circumcision at the age of seven months. General...
(or head, and sometimes thick lips), dark skin, and a closed foreskin (phimosis). In Katsushika Hokusai's Kinoe no komatsu (1814), a mochi maker who speaks...
form) for patients unresponsive to less potent corticosteroids, and penile phimosis. In terms of steroid strength, it is more potent than hydrocortisone, and...
Retrieved 2022-10-29. ... the incidence of non-retractable physiological phimosis was 50% in grade 1 boys and decreased to 35% in grade 4 and 8% in grade 7...
penile skin; the penis can retract into the scrotum, resulting in secondary phimosis (trapped penis). Since the penis does not protrude when a man has this...
the shaft of the penis, located at the sebaceous glands and are normal. Phimosis is an inability to retract the foreskin fully. It is normal and harmless...
completed the act and "bids goodnight." Suggestions that Louis suffered from phimosis, which was relieved by circumcision, have been discredited. Nevertheless...
These later require debridement and may result in disfiguring scars. Phimosis can develop in long-standing lesion by scarring and thickening of foreskin...
cancer and other pelvic malignancies Prostatitis Congenital urethral valves Phimosis or pinhole meatus Circumcision Obstruction in the urethra, for example...
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