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An optimist and a pessimist, Vladimir Makovsky, 1893
Pessimism is a mental attitude in which an undesirable outcome is anticipated from a given situation. Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life in general. A common question asked to test for pessimism is "Is the glass half empty or half full?"; in this situation, a pessimist is said to see the glass as half empty, or in extreme cases completely empty, while an optimist is said to see the glass as half full. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of thinking.[1]
^Bennett, Oliver (2001). Cultural Pessimism: Narratives of Decline in the Postmodern World. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-0936-9.
Pessimism is a mental attitude in which an undesirable outcome is anticipated from a given situation. Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life...
Philosophical pessimism is a family of philosophical views that assign a negative value to life or existence. Philosophical pessimists commonly argue...
Defensive pessimism is a cognitive strategy in which an individual sets a low expectation for their performance, regardless of how well they have done...
Cultural pessimism arises with the conviction that the culture of a nation, a civilization, or humanity itself is in a process of irreversible decline...
Philosophical pessimism is a philosophical school critical of existence. Pessimistic sentiments can be found throughout religions and in the works of...
favorable, and desirable. A common idiom used to illustrate optimism versus pessimism is a glass filled with water to the halfway point: an optimist is said...
The pessimism controversy or pessimism dispute (German: Pessimismusstreit) is an intellectual controversy that occurred in Germany, starting in the 1860s...
The Dialogue of Pessimism is an ancient Mesopotamian literary composition in the form of a dialogue between a master and his slave. Its interpretations...
personal optimism, or a distortion for others, representing personal pessimism. Pessimism bias is an effect in which people exaggerate the likelihood that...
We Are Doomed: Reclaiming Conservative Pessimism is a 2009 non-fiction book by British-American writer John Derbyshire. He draws upon classical conservatism...
and pessimism, as well as to contemporary philosophies of speculative realism and collapsology. His short book Cosmic Pessimism defines pessimism as "the...
Solarpunk is a literary and artistic movement that envisions and works toward actualizing a sustainable future interconnected with nature and community...
also Agnotology Axiology Critical theory Cultural criticism Cultural pessimism Ethics Historism Historicism Humanities Philosophy of culture Philosophy...
historical concept arising out of nominalism, skepticism, and philosophical pessimism, as well as possibly out of Christianity itself. Contemporary understanding...
The Man Who Was Thursday: A Nightmare is a 1908 novel by G. K. Chesterton. The book has been described as a metaphysical thriller. Chesterton prefixed...
murders. True Detective's first season explores themes of philosophical pessimism, masculinity, and Christianity; critics have analyzed the show's portrayal...
also Agnotology Axiology Critical theory Cultural criticism Cultural pessimism Ethics Historism Historicism Humanities Philosophy of culture Philosophy...
optimism. For James, meliorism stands in the middle between optimism and pessimism, and treats the salvation of the world as a probability rather than a...
work has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism. Though his work failed to garner substantial attention during his lifetime...
Benjamin; Weary, Daniel M.; von Keyserlingk, Marina A. G. (23 January 2018). "Pessimism and fearfulness in dairy calves". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 1421. Bibcode:2018NatSR...
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