Grain crops that remain productive for two or more years without replanting
Roots of intermediate wheatgrass, a perennial grain candidate compared to those of annual wheat (at left in each panel)
A perennial grain is a grain crop that lives and remains productive for two or more years, rather than growing for only one season before harvest, like most grains and annual crops. While many fruit, nut and forage crops are long-lived perennial plants, all major grain crops presently used in large-scale agriculture are annuals or short-lived perennials grown as annuals. Scientists from several nations have argued that perennial versions of today's grain crops could be developed and that these perennial grains could make grain agriculture more sustainable.[1][2][3][4]
^Cite error: The named reference Wagoner_1990 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference NAS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference GloverReganold_etal2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Cassman_2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
A perennialgrain is a grain crop that lives and remains productive for two or more years, rather than growing for only one season before harvest, like...
In botany, a perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term (per- + -ennial, "through the years") is often used...
Despite making up 94% of plants on earth, perennials take up only 13% of global cropland. In contrast, grain crops take up about 70% of global cropland...
motivations for developing perennialgrain crops. Many sunflower species can be artificially hybridized but one group of wild perennial species cross; the hexaploids...
as corn tend to deplete soil organic matter and require inputs, a perennialgrain such as intermediate wheatgrass can yield crops while building soil...
develop an agricultural system based on perennial crops that "has the ecological stability of the prairie and a grain yield comparable to that from annual...
grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes. After being harvested, dry grains are more durable...
with any other grain crop, it is the seeds that are harvested and eaten by humans. Perennial rice is one of several perennialgrains that have been proposed...
A cereal is a grass cultivated for its edible grain. Cereals are the world's largest crops, and are therefore staple foods. They include rice, wheat,...
Michael B.; Tyl, Catrin E.; Dorn, Kevin M.; et al. (April 29, 2016). "PerennialGrain and Oilseed Crops". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 67 (1). Annual...
Rice is a cereal grain, and in its domesticated form is the staple food for over half of the world's human population, particularly in Asia and Africa...
Leguminosae), or the fruit or seeds of such plants. When used as a dry grain for human consumption, the seeds are also called pulses. Legumes are grown...
potassium fertilizer. Fertilizers can be organic or synthetic. Using a perennialgrain crop such as Thinopyrum intermedium. "Nutrient Management @ProjectDrawdown...
Ismail, Baraem; Heimpel, George E.; Wyse, Donald L. (2016-04-29). "PerennialGrain and Oilseed Crops". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 67 (1). Annual...
Rye (Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain, a cover crop and a forage crop. It is grown principally in an area from eastern and northern...
to replace exotic species, and it is being researched as a perennialgrain crop. The grains are high in protein and small-scale commercial production for...
Land Institute, in 1976. The Land Institute is working to develop perennialgrains, pulses, and oilseed-bearing plants to be grown in ecologically intensified...
species of grasses that form the genus Zizania, and the grain that can be harvested from them. The grain was historically and is still gathered and eaten in...
Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) is a species in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, and closely related to cardamom. Its seeds are used as a spice...
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus...
an annual, but some cultivars are perennial. It grows in clumps that may reach over 4 metres (13 ft) high. The grain is small, 2 to 4 millimetres (0.079...
domestication perennialgrains, cereal crops that can be harvested for multiple seasons after planting, as opposed to the annual grains that dominate...
Europe and Asia. It is a rhizomatous and climbing or creeping herbaceous perennial plant with stems growing to 0.5–2 metres (1.6–6.6 ft) in length. It is...
Brown rice is a whole grain rice with the inedible outer hull removed. This kind of rice sheds its outer hull or husk but the bran and germ layer remain...
retrieved 2 February 2022 "Distichlis palmeri: PerennialGrain Yields under Saline Paddy-style Cultivation of Grains on Seawater : Journal of Agriculture and...
Research and Education Program. The Land Institute developing diverse perennialgrain cropping systems to solve problems such as soil erosion, energy dependency...
annual or perennial across the genus. Flowers vary interspecifically from the presence of 3 or 5 tepals and stamens, whereas a 7-porate pollen grain structure...
scrobiculatum, commonly called Kodo millet or Koda millet, is an annual grain that is grown primarily in Nepal (not to be confused with Ragi (Finger millet...
Global Information