Principle that voting for a candidate should help them
The participation criterion, also called vote or population monotonicity, is a voting system criterion that says that a candidate should never lose an election as a result of receiving too many votes in support.[1] It says that adding a voter who prefers Alice to Bob should not cause Alice to lose the election to Bob.[2]
Voting systems that fail the participation criterion exhibit the no-show paradox, where a voter is effectively disenfranchised by the electoral system, because turning out to vote would make the outcome worse. In such a scenario, these voters' ballots are treated as "less than worthless", actively harming their own interests by reversing an otherwise-favorable outcome.[3]
Positional and score voting methods satisfy the participation criterion. All methods satisfying paired majority-rule[4][5] can fail in situations involving four-way cyclic ties, and the highest median methods[6] can fail in some situations. Most notably, instant-runoff voting—a commonly-used voting rule in the United States and Australia—fails the participation criterion.[7]
^Doron, Gideon; Kronick, Richard (1977). "Single Transferrable Vote: An Example of a Perverse Social Choice Function". American Journal of Political Science. 21 (2): 303–311. doi:10.2307/2110496. ISSN 0092-5853.
^Woodall, Douglas (December 1994). "Properties of Preferential Election Rules, Voting matters - Issue 3, December 1994".
^Fishburn, Peter C.; Brams, Steven J. (1983-01-01). "Paradoxes of Preferential Voting". Mathematics Magazine. 56 (4): 207–214. doi:10.2307/2689808. JSTOR 2689808.
^Moulin, Hervé (1988-06-01). "Condorcet's principle implies the no show paradox". Journal of Economic Theory. 45 (1): 53–64. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(88)90253-0.
^Brandt, Felix; Geist, Christian; Peters, Dominik (2016-01-01). "Optimal Bounds for the No-Show Paradox via SAT Solving". Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Autonomous Agents & Multiagent Systems. AAMAS '16. Richland, SC: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: 314–322. arXiv:1602.08063. ISBN 9781450342391.
^Doron, Gideon; Kronick, Richard (1977). "Single Transferrable Vote: An Example of a Perverse Social Choice Function". American Journal of Political Science. 21 (2): 303–311. doi:10.2307/2110496. ISSN 0092-5853.
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both the Borda count and a pairwise method that satisfied the Condorcet criterion in the 13th century. The manuscripts in which he described these methods...
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exists, is known as Condorcet consistent or as satisfying the Condorcet criterion. Such systems are referred to as Condorcet methods. However, in elections...
account in 2-candidate elections. STAR voting satisfies the monotonicity criterion, i.e. raising your vote's score for a candidate can never hurt their chances...
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