Diagram showing structures in the human neck. The four green shaded areas represent the most common position of the parathyroid glands, which are generally four in number and situated behind the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland (shaded orange).
Thyroid and parathyroids as viewed from the front of the neck
Details
Precursor
Neural crest mesenchyme and third and fourth pharyngeal pouch endoderm
System
Endocrine
Artery
Superior thyroid artery, inferior thyroid artery,
Vein
Superior thyroid vein, middle thyroid vein, inferior thyroid vein,
glandula parathyreoidea inferior, glandula parathyreoidea superior
MeSH
D010280
TA98
A11.4.00.001
TA2
3870
FMA
13890
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, located on the back of the thyroid gland in variable locations. The parathyroid gland produces and secretes parathyroid hormone in response to low blood calcium, which plays a key role in regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.
Parathyroid glands share a similar blood supply, venous drainage, and lymphatic drainage to the thyroid glands. Parathyroid glands are derived from the epithelial lining of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches, with the superior glands arising from the fourth pouch and the inferior glands arising from the higher third pouch. The relative position of the inferior and superior glands, which are named according to their final location, changes because of the migration of embryological tissues.
Hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism, characterized by alterations in the blood calcium levels and bone metabolism, are states of either surplus or deficient parathyroid function.
Parathyroidglands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods. Humans usually have four parathyroidglands, located on the back...
Parathyroid chief cells (also called parathyroid principal cells or simply parathyroid cells) are one of the two cell types of the parathyroidglands...
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroidglands that regulates the serum calcium...
hyperfunctioning parathyroidgland than by a normal parathyroidgland. This is dependent on several histologic features within the abnormal parathyroidgland itself...
systems. In humans, the major endocrine glands are the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pineal, and adrenal glands, and the (male) testus and (female) ovaries...
disorders of the function of the parathyroidgland. Some disorders may be purely anatomical resulting in an enlarged gland which will raise concern. Such...
A parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the parathyroidgland. It generally causes hyperparathyroidism; there are very few reports of parathyroid adenomas...
include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testicles, thyroid gland, parathyroidgland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus...
forms in tissues of one or more of the parathyroidglands (four pea-sized glands in the neck that make parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps the body maintain...
Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroidglands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This can lead to low levels of calcium...
present, supplies blood to the thyroid gland primarily, or the trachea, the parathyroidgland and the thymus gland (as thymica accessoria) in rare cases...
gene can cause parathyroidgland aplasia, which suggests the gene plays an important role in the development of the parathyroidgland. The genes, TBX1...
the overproduction of the hormone, parathyroid hormone, produced by the parathyroidglands. The parathyroidglands are involved in monitoring and regulating...
glands of the human body There are several specialized glands within the human integumentary system that are derived from apocrine or sebaceous gland...
four parathyroidglands. This procedure is used to remove an adenoma or hyperplasia of these glands when they are producing excessive parathyroid hormone...
endocrine glands, including the thyroid gland, the parathyroidglands, the adrenal glands, glands of the endocrine pancreas, and some neuroendocrine glands. Surgery...
endocrine system through development of neoplastic lesions in pituitary, parathyroidgland and pancreas. Individuals suffering from this disorder are prone to...
The common mudpuppy also does not have a parathyroidgland. The majority of salamanders with parathyroidglands rely on them to help with hypercalcemic...
proven to be successful. An adenoma of a parathyroidgland may secrete inappropriately high amounts of parathyroid hormone and thereby cause primary hyperparathyroidism...
is an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood. This occurs from a disorder either within the parathyroidglands (primary hyperparathyroidism)...
at the parathyroid hormone receptor. This binding will increase the sensitivity of calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR) on the parathyroidgland. As a result...
that the blood supply to any one of the parathyroidglands is endangered through surgery, the parathyroidgland(s) involved may be re-implanted in surrounding...
is a medical condition where the parathyroidgland (or a benign tumor within it) produce excess amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The symptoms of the...
organelles and structures. The parathyroid chief cell is the primary cell of the parathyroidgland. It produces and secretes parathyroid hormone in response to...
Hypocalcemia can be caused by many things, including parathyroid conditions (such as when the parathyroidgland does not function well, called hypoparathyroidism)...
variants in the size and shape of the thyroid gland, and in the position of the embedded parathyroidglands. Sometimes there is a third lobe present called...
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