Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) is a pain scale developed by Victoria Warden, Ann C. Hurley, and Ladislav Volicer to provide a universal method of analysing the pain experienced by people in late stage dementia.[1][2]
See also: Pain § Assessment in non-verbal people
Behavior
0
1
2
Score
Breathing independent of vocalization
Normal
Occasional laboured breathing, short period of hyperventilation
Noisy laboured breathing, long period of hyperventilation, Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Negative vocalization
None
Occasional moans or groans, low-level speech with a negative or disapproving quality
Repeated troubled calling out, loud moaning or groaning, crying
Facial expression
Smiling or inexpressive
Sad, frightened, frown
Facial grimacing
Body language
Relaxed
Tense, distresses pacing, fidgeting
Rigid, fists clenched, knees pulled up, pulling or pushing away, striking out
Consolability
No need to console
Distracted or reassured by voice or touch
Unable to console, distract, or reassure
"The total score ranges from 0-10 points. A possible interpretation of the scores is: 1-3=mild pain; 4-6=moderate pain;
7-10=severe pain."
^Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) Scale
^"1 Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINAD)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-03-19. Retrieved 2014-05-16.
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