Bankalar Caddesi 11, the bank's headquarters in Constantinople (Istanbul) from 1892 to 19997, rue Meyerbeer, the bank's Paris office from 1870 to 197526 Throgmorton Street (center), designed by architect William Burnet,[1] the London seat of the Ottoman Bank from 1872 to 1947[2]
The Ottoman Bank (Turkish: Osmanlı Bankası), known from 1863 to 1925 as the Imperial Ottoman Bank (French: Banque Impériale Ottomane, Ottoman Turkish: بانق عثمانی شاهانه[3]) and correspondingly referred to by its French acronym BIO, was a bank that played a major role in the financial history of the Ottoman Empire. By the early 20th century, it was the dominant bank in the Ottoman Empire, and one of the largest in the world.[4]: 590 [5]
It was founded in 1856 as a British institution chartered in London, and reorganized in 1863 as a French–British venture with head office in Constantinople, on a principle of strict equality between British and French stakeholders. It soon became dominated by French interests, however, primarily because of the greater success of its offerings among French savers than British ones. In its early years, the BIO was principally a lender to the Ottoman government with a monopoly on banknote issuance and other public-interest roles, including all treasury operations of the Ottoman state under an agreement ratified in February 1875 that was however never fully implemented. In the 1890s, it pivoted to a greater emphasis on commercial and investment banking, which it developed with lasting success despite a serious crisis in 1895.
Following World War I, the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas (known since the 1980s as Paribas) took control of the BIO, and renamed it Ottoman Bank in 1925. The bank's remaining public-interest privileges and monopolies were phased out. Its operations outside Turkey were gradually dismantled, a process that was completed in 1975. The Ottoman Bank became Turkish-owned when Garanti Bank purchased it from Paribas in 1996, and was eventually subsumed in 2001 into the Garanti Bank operations and corporate identity, in turn rebranded Garanti BBVA in 2019.
^"Framed Print of The Imperial Ottoman Bank, Throgmorton Street, London (engraving)". Media Storehouse.
^"Ottoman Bank". London Metropolitan Archive.
^Young, George (1906). Corps de droit ottoman; recueil des codes, lois, règlements, ordonnances et actes les plus importants du droit intérieur, et d'études sur le droit coutumier de l'Empire ottoman (in French). Vol. 5. Clarendon Press. p. 25.
^Christopher Clay (November 1994), "The Origins of Modern Banking in the Levant: The Branch Network of the Imperial Ottoman Bank, 1890–1914", International Journal of Middle East Studies, 26 (4), Cambridge University Press: 589–614, doi:10.1017/S0020743800061122, JSTOR 163804, S2CID 162130850
^Cite error: The named reference AA6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
The OttomanBank (Turkish: Osmanlı Bankası), known from 1863 to 1925 as the Imperial OttomanBank (French: Banque Impériale Ottomane, Ottoman Turkish:...
the OttomanBank (Turkish: Osmanlı Bankası Baskını, "Raid on the OttomanBank"; Armenian: Պանք Օթօմանի գրաւումը, Bank Otomani k'ravumĕ "OttomanBank takeover")...
value of the equivalent denominations in paper currency. The central OttomanBank first issued paper currency known as kaime in 1862, in the denomination...
entire munitions industry in the Ottoman Empire. Calouste Gulbenkian became one of the main advisors of the National Bank of Turkey and the Turkish Petroleum...
Crimean War, in 1854, the Ottoman Empire, which borrowed from other nations for the first time in history, needed a state bank to assume an intermediary...
The Ottoman Empire was founded c. 1299 by Osman I as a small beylik in northwestern Asia Minor just south of the Byzantine capital Constantinople. In...
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm that spanned much of Southeast Europe, West Asia...
In the late 18th century, the Ottoman Empire faced threats on numerous frontiers from multiple industrialised European powers. In response, the empire...
administered by the Ottoman Public Debt Administration and its power was extended to the Imperial OttomanBank (or Central bank). The total pre-World...
the OttomanBank as security for a loan. After Habip Bey died suddenly in 1926 from a heart attack, the building was transferred to the OttomanBank as...
institutions included the Ottoman Central Bank (originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganised as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in...
Founded in March 1997 by the OttomanBank in collaboration with the History Foundation (Turkish: Tarih Vakfi), the OttomanBank Archives and Research Centre...
Koçbank Marmara Bank Osmanlı Bankası (OttomanBank) Oyak Bank Pamukbank Raybank Sitebank Sümerbank Taib Yatırım Bank A.Ş. Tarişbank Toprak Bank Töbank Türk...
(Turkish: [tanziˈmat]; Ottoman Turkish: تنظيمات, romanized: Tanzimât, lit. 'Reorganization', see nizam) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began...
the Ottoman Empire covers the period 1299–1923. Trade, agriculture, transportation, and religion make up the Ottoman Empire's economy. The Ottomans saw...
decades. He was one of the masterminds of the 1896 occupation of the OttomanBank in response to the Hamidian massacres, and of Operation Nemesis, in which...
Ottoman architecture is an architectural style or tradition that developed under the Ottoman Empire over a long period, undergoing some significant changes...
Caddesi has rows of Ottoman-era bank buildings, including the headquarters of the Ottoman Central Bank, which is today the OttomanBank Museum. Several ornaments...
the leader, alongside Karekin Pastermadjian (Armen Garo), of the 1896 OttomanBank takeover. Bedros Parian was born to a poor family of noble origins in...
The Ottoman Empire came into World War I as one of the Central Powers. The Ottoman Empire entered the war by carrying out a small surprise attack on the...
century with Galata bankers creating the first Ottomanbank. As of January 2021, there are a total of 48 banks operating with 9,880 branches in Turkey and...
Depending on the definition, the world's oldest bank is either Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena or Berenberg Bank. Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena was founded...
a central banking role to banks that were effectively or even legally foreign. A seminal case was the Imperial OttomanBank established in 1863 as a French-British...
Republic of Turkey. OttomanBank Archives and Research Centre operated in the former Head Office of the OttomanBank Regarding the Ottoman Industrial Revolution...
"OttomanBank Museum: History of the OttomanBank". Obarsiv.com. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2011. "OttomanBank Museum"...
also called the Armenian massacres, were massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in the mid-1890s. Estimated casualties ranged from 100,000 to 300...
Cossack freedoms in right-bank Ukraine and signed the Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686 with Russia securing an alliance against the Ottoman Empire. 1669–1676 Petro...
Imperial OttomanBank leading to an attempt to improve the British position via the creation of a new Anglo-French financial enterprise, the Ottoman Society...
Global Information
