Oseltamivir, sold under the brand name Tamiflu, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza A and influenza B, viruses that cause the flu.[5] Many medical organizations recommend it in people who have complications or are at high risk of complications within 48 hours of first symptoms of infection.[6] They recommend it to prevent infection in those at high risk, but not the general population.[6] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that clinicians use their discretion to treat those at lower risk who present within 48 hours of first symptoms of infection.[6][7][8] It is taken by mouth, either as a pill or liquid.[5]
Recommendations regarding oseltamivir are controversial as are criticisms of the recommendations.[6][9][10][11] A 2014 Cochrane Review concluded that oseltamivir does not reduce hospitalizations, and that there is no evidence of reduction in complications of influenza.[11] Two meta-analyses have concluded that benefits in those who are otherwise healthy do not outweigh its risks.[12][13] They also found little evidence regarding whether treatment changes the risk of hospitalization or death in high risk populations.[12][13] However, another meta-analysis found that oseltamivir was effective for prevention of influenza at the individual and household levels.[14]
Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and trouble sleeping.[5] Other side effects may include psychiatric symptoms and seizures.[5][15][16] In the United States it is recommended for influenza infection during pregnancy.[1] It has been taken by a small number of pregnant women without signs of problems.[1] Dose adjustment may be needed in those with kidney problems.[5]
Oseltamivir was approved for medical use in the US in 1999.[5] It was the first neuraminidase inhibitor available by mouth.[17] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines but was downgraded to "complementary" status in 2017.[18][19][20] A generic version was approved in the US in 2016.[21][22] In 2020, it was the 178th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3million prescriptions.[23][24]
^ abc"Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
^ abRoche Products Pty Limited. "Tamiflu ® (oseltamivir phosphate)". Australian Product Information. Archived from the original on 2023-04-24. Retrieved 2023-01-09.
^"ALEMBIC OSELTAMIVIR, ALEMVIR , ALEMZY , OSELEMBIC, OSELTAMIVIR AGH, OSELTAMIVIR AGHL, OSELTAMIVIR APPL , TAMIRAC (Alembic Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Ltd)". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 5 December 2022. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
^ abcdeDavies BE (April 2010). "Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir: an oral antiviral for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in diverse populations". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 65 (Suppl 2): ii5–ii10. doi:10.1093/jac/dkq015. PMC 2835511. PMID 20215135.
^ abcdef"Oseltamivir Phosphate Monograph for Professionals". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
^ abcd"CDC Recommendations for Influenza Antiviral Medications Remain Unchanged". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 10 April 2014. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
^European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2 June 2014). "New and updated evaluations of neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza published". Archived from the original on 2014-11-02.
^"Amantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir for the treatment of influenza". National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). 25 February 2009. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
^"IDSA Continues to Recommend Antivirals for Influenza". Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
^Brownlee S (19 February 2013). "Tamiflu: Myth and Misconception". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
^ abButler D (April 2014). "Tamiflu report comes under fire". Nature. 508 (7497): 439–40. Bibcode:2014Natur.508..439B. doi:10.1038/508439a. PMID 24759392.
^ abMichiels B, Van Puyenbroeck K, Verhoeven V, Vermeire E, Coenen S (2013). Jefferson T (ed.). "The value of neuraminidase inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of seasonal influenza: a systematic review of systematic reviews". PLOS ONE. 8 (4): e60348. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...860348M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060348. PMC 3614893. PMID 23565231.
^ abEbell MH, Call M, Shinholser J (April 2013). "Effectiveness of oseltamivir in adults: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished clinical trials". Family Practice. 30 (2): 125–33. doi:10.1093/fampra/cms059. PMID 22997224.
^Okoli GN, Otete HE, Beck CR, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS (9 December 2014). "Use of neuraminidase inhibitors for rapid containment of influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual and household transmission studies". PLOS ONE. 9 (12): e113633. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k3633O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113633. PMC 4260958. PMID 25490762.
^Wang K, Shun-Shin M, Gill P, Perera R, Harnden A (April 2012). Harnden A (ed.). "Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children (published trials only)". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4 (4): CD002744. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002744.pub4. PMC 6599832. PMID 22513907.
^Jefferson T, Jones M, Doshi P, Spencer EA, Onakpoya I, Heneghan CJ (April 2014). "Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systematic review of clinical study reports and summary of regulatory comments". BMJ. 348: g2545. doi:10.1136/bmj.g2545. PMC 3981975. PMID 24811411.
^Agrawal R, Rewatkar PV, Kokil GR, Verma A, Kalra A (July 2010). "Oseltamivir: a first line defense against swine flu". Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (4): 247–251. doi:10.2174/1573406411006040247. PMID 20843284.
^Cite error: The named reference WHO TRS 1006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Ebell MH (July 2017). "WHO downgrades status of oseltamivir". BMJ. 358: j3266. doi:10.1136/bmj.j3266. PMID 28701339. S2CID 206916214. Archived from the original on 2023-04-29. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
^Cite error: The named reference WHO21st was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"The FDA approves first generic version of widely used influenza drug, Tamiflu". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 4 August 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
^"Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
^"The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
^"Oseltamivir - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
Oseltamivir, sold under the brand name Tamiflu, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza A and influenza B, viruses that cause the...
antiretroviral drugs to patients across more than 100 countries globally. Today, Oseltamivir, sold under its brand name Fluvir, is also indicated for A[H1N1] virus...
Oseltamivir total synthesis concerns the total synthesis of the antiinfluenza drug oseltamivir marketed by Hoffmann-La Roche under the trade name Tamiflu...
Pharmaceuticals used up to 90% of the world's annual star anise crop to produce oseltamivir (Tamiflu) via shikimic acid. Illicium comes from the Latin illicio meaning...
of developing oseltamivir resistance during treatment. Subsequent to exposure to someone else with the flu, those who received oseltamivir for "post-exposure...
supportive measures and, in severe cases, with antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir. In healthy individuals, influenza is typically self-limiting and rarely...
viruses for resistance against oseltamivir and zanamivir. It was found that 99.6% of the samples were resistant to oseltamivir while none were resistant to...
then gave triquinacene (4). In their synthesis of the antiviral drug oseltamivir, also known as Tamiflu, Ishikawa et al. used the Curtius rearrangement...
for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza infections: Zanamivir and Oseltamivir. They interfere with the release of progeny virions from infected host...
to oseltamivir and zanamivir, but no significant reduction in sensitivity to peramivir. But a H274Y virus mutation showed resistance to oseltamivir and...
shikimic acid for oseltamivir. Aminoshikimic acid is also an alternative to shikimic acid as a starting material for the synthesis of oseltamivir. Shikimate...
Roche acquired Syntex in 1994, and Chugai Pharmaceuticals in 2002. Oseltamivir an antiviral drug used to combat influenza. Roche is the only drug company...
intermediates in the synthesis of polyketide natural products and drugs such as Oseltamivir and Epothilone. Mukaiyama aldol addition Kohlpainter, Christian; Schulte...
people who received baloxavir, 25% of those receiving placebo, and 25% of oseltamivir. Baloxavir marboxil is an influenza therapeutic agent, specifically,...
to oseltamivir (Tamiflu). It is not totally unexpected as 99.6% of the seasonal H1N1 flu strains tested have developed resistance to oseltamivir. No...
useful to stockpile zanamivir as well as oseltamivir in the event of an H5N1 influenza pandemic. Neither oseltamivir nor zanamivir can be manufactured in...
flu outbreak will probably be restricted to neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir which block the action of viral neuraminidase enzyme on...
often shorten an enantioselective synthesis (e.g. shikimic acid for oseltamivir). As a rule, the introduction of a protecting group is straightforward...
typically target key components of viral reproduction; for example, oseltamivir targets influenza neuraminidase, while guanosine analogs inhibit viral...
market. In 2017, Alvogen also became the first company to bring a generic oseltamivir to the US market. That year, Alvogen had 75 additional products under...
the condition, but they are associated with side effects. Zanamivir or oseltamivir decrease the chance that people who are exposed to the virus will develop...
Staudinger reaction, with Raney nickel or with hydrogen sulfide in pyridine. Oseltamivir, an antiviral medication, is currently produced in commercial scale by...
influenza viruses that are resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors like oseltamivir. Nitazoxanide is also being researched as a potential treatment for COVID-19...
anise is grown in Guangxi. It is a major ingredient in the antiviral oseltamivir. Guangxi is one of China's key production centers for nonferrous metals...