Organism's immediate response to a change in its environment
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Orienting response" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
The orienting response (OR), also called orienting reflex, is an organism's immediate response to a change in its environment, when that change is not sudden enough to elicit the startle reflex. The phenomenon was first described by Russian physiologist Ivan Sechenov in his 1863 book Reflexes of the Brain, and the term ('ориентировочный рефлекс' in Russian) was coined by Ivan Pavlov, who also referred to it as the Shto takoye? (Что такое? or What is it?) reflex. The orienting response is a reaction to novel or significant stimuli. In the 1950s the orienting response was studied systematically by the Russian scientist Evgeny Sokolov, who documented the phenomenon called "habituation", referring to a gradual "familiarity effect" and reduction of the orienting response with repeated stimulus presentations.[1]
Researchers have found a number of physiological mechanisms associated with OR, including changes in phasic and tonic skin conductance response (SCR), electroencephalogram (EEG), and heart rate following a novel or significant stimulus. These observations all occur within seconds of stimulus introduction.[2] In particular, EEG studies of OR have corresponded particularly with the P300 wave and P3a component of the OR-related event-related potential (ERP).[3]
^Sokolov, E.N, Neuronal models and the orienting reflex, in The Central Nervous System and Behavior, Mary A.B. Brazier, ed. NY: JosiahMacy, Jr. Foundation, 1960, pp. 187–276
^Bradley, Margaret M. (January 2009). "Natural selective attention: Orienting and emotion". Psychophysiology. 46 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00702.x. PMC 3645482. PMID 18778317.
^Polich, J. (2003). Overview of P3a and P3b. In J. Polich (Ed.), Detection of Change:Event-Related Potential and fMRI Findings (pp. 83-98). Kluwer Academic Press: Boston.
and 25 Related for: Orienting response information
The orientingresponse (OR), also called orienting reflex, is an organism's immediate response to a change in its environment, when that change is not...
potential harmful stimuli. Orientingresponse is an organism's innate reaction to a novel stimulus, and it is a defensive response. Heart rate increases after...
the orientingresponse as the cornerstone of his studies, and operationally defining the orientingresponse as EEG activity. Orientingresponses are heightened...
anger, startled response, orientingresponse, and sexual feelings are among the reactions that may be reflected in EDA. These responses are utilized as...
school years." Biography portal Psychology portal Georgii Zeliony Orientingresponse Rostov State Medical University Anrep, G. V. (1936). "Ivan Petrovich...
The principle is long known in neurophysiology, with roots in the orientingresponse research by E. N. Sokolov in the 1950s. The reverse phenomenon is...
(1996). "Usefulness of differentiating arousal responses within communication theories: Orientingresponse or defensive arousal within nonverbal theories...
once recalled. Horizontal eye movement is thought to trigger an "orientingresponse" in the brain, used in scanning the environment for threats and opportunities...
ISBN 978-0-387-95527-8. Coombs, S. I.; Braun, C. B.; Donovan, B. (2001). "The orientingresponse of Lake Michigan mottled sculpin is mediated by canal neuromasts"...
research. He is best known for his work on the orienting reflex and habituation. He authored OrientingResponse Information on this subject. He served as a...
vestigiality Hackley, Steven A. (2015). "Evidence for a vestigial pinna-orienting system in humans". Psychophysiology. 52 (10): 1263–1270. doi:10.1111/psyp...
is a component of auditory attention, which also includes arousal, orientingresponse, and attention span. Examining selective auditory attention has been...
conducted at Stanford Medicine Generalization and dishabituation of the orientingresponse to a stimulus of lower intensity Archived 2016-09-12 at the Wayback...
sounds, or thunder. These novel stimuli are likely to provoke an orientingresponse in subjects and can trigger the P3a component, making this paradigm...
Attention may be differentiated into "overt" versus "covert" orienting. Overt orienting is the act of selectively attending to an item or location over...
removed, orienting behavior disappeared. When the thalamic-pretectal region was removed, avoidance behavior was entirely absent while orienting behavior...
metabolism into two phases is loosely based on the analysis of the orientingresponse. Information metabolism is initiated by the perception of a change...
target stimuli in order to investigate the effects of covert orienting of attention in response to different cue conditions. In the general paradigm, observers...
the neural model of the environment; there is habituation of the orientingresponse, and such stimuli stop attracting attention. For example, Emily Elliott...
In behavioral biology, the optomotor response is an innate, orienting behavior evoked by whole-field visual motion and is common to fish and insects during...
with brain activity related to the engagement of attention (especially orienting and involuntary shifts to changes in the environment) and the processing...
rewards are salient and thus elicit attention, which are manifested as orientingresponses. The salience of rewards derives from three principal factors, namely...
rewards are salient and thus elicit attention, which are manifested as orientingresponses (FIGURE 1, middle). The salience of rewards derives from three principal...
to cognitive activity). Also, people were found to show greater orientingresponses following negative than positive outcomes, including larger increases...
Global Information