Investigation of microscopic remains on archaeological artefacts
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In archaeology, Organic Residue Analysis (ORA) refers to the study of micro-remains trapped in or adhered to artifacts from the past. These organic residues can include lipids, proteins, starches, and sugars. By analyzing these residues, ORA can reveal insights into ancient dietary behaviors, agricultural practices, housing organization, technological advancements, and trade interactions.[1] Furthermore, it provides information on the use of cosmetics, arts, crafts, medicine, and burial preparations in ancient societies.
ORA's broad applicability encompasses a variety of amorphous materials such as substances used in mummification, pastes, glues, binders, and colorants. These materials can be preserved in pottery, stone tools, the mineral matrix of bones, dental calculus, as well as in habitation floors or pits. The unique value of ORA lies in its ability to provide direct evidence of the materials and substances utilized by ancient peoples, often offering insights that other archaeological techniques cannot.[2]
For instance, analyzing organic residues in pottery can disclose specific dietary components, such as animal and plant fats, shedding light on ancient dietary habits and food sources. Similarly, the study of ancient adhesives and pigments can enhance our understanding of the production techniques and materials used in ancient art and craftsmanship.
Moreover, ORA plays a crucial role in uncovering ancient medical knowledge, cosmetic usage, and the processes involved in creating artworks and handicrafts. Utilizing modern chemical analysis techniques, ORA offers archaeologists a powerful tool to directly explore and understand the daily lives, cultural practices, and technological progress of ancient societies.
^Whelton, Helen L.; Hammann, Simon; Cramp, Lucy J.E.; Dunne, Julie; Roffet-Salque, Mélanie; Evershed, Richard P. (August 2021). "A call for caution in the analysis of lipids and other small biomolecules from archaeological contexts". Journal of Archaeological Science. 132: 105397. Bibcode:2021JArSc.132j5397W. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2021.105397. ISSN 0305-4403.
^Merlin, M. D. (September 2003). "COVER ARTICLE: Archaeological Evidence for the Tradition of Psychoactive Plant Use in the Old World". Economic Botany. 57 (3): 295–323. doi:10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0295:aeftto]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0013-0001.
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