Elimination of Black Republicans in St. Landry Parish
Methods
Massacre, lynching, beating
Resulted in
Elimination of the Republican Party and all Republican votes in the 1868 presidential election from St. Landry Parish
Parties
White supremacist Democrats, including Knights of the White Camellia
Black citizens, white Republicans
Lead figures
John Williams, James R. Dickson, Sebastian May
Emerson Bentley
Casualties
Death(s)
Unknown, likely 200+
v
t
e
Conflicts of the Reconstruction era
Memphis riots of 1866
New Orleans massacre of 1866
Pulaski riot (1868)
Opelousas massacre (1868)
Barber–Mizell feud
Lowry War
Kirk–Holden war (1870)
Meridian race riot of 1871
Colfax massacre
Brooks–Baxter War
Battle of Liberty Place
Vicksburg massacre (1874–1875)
South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876
Hamburg massacre
The Opelousas massacre, which began on September 28, 1868, was one of the bloodiest massacres of the Reconstruction era in the United States. In the aftermath of the ratification of Louisiana's Constitution of 1868 and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, tensions between white Democrats and Black Republicans in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana escalated throughout the summer of 1868. On September 28, white schoolteacher and Republican newspaper editor Emerson Bentley was attacked and beaten by three, Democratic white supremacists while teaching a classroom of Black children in Opelousas, Louisiana. Rumors of Bentley's death, while unfounded, led both Black Republicans and white supremacist Democrats, including the St. Landry Parish chapter of the Knights of the White Camelia, to threaten violent retribution. In the days following Bentley's subsequent covert flight to New Orleans, the massacre began. Heavily outnumbered, Black citizens were chased, captured, shot, murdered, and lynched during the following weeks. While estimates of casualties vary widely, several sources number the deaths between 150 and 300 black people and several dozen whites. Following the massacre, the Republican Party in St. Landry Parish was eliminated for several years.
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