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Sundown town information


Sundown towns, also known as sunset towns, gray towns, or sundowner towns, are all-white municipalities or neighborhoods in the United States and Canada that were most prevalent before the mid-20th century, which practiced a form of racial segregation by excluding non-whites via some combination of discriminatory local laws, intimidation or violence. The term came into use because of signs that directed "colored people" to leave town by sundown.[1][2]

Entire sundown counties[3] and sundown suburbs were created as well. While the number of sundown towns decreased following the civil rights movement[clarification needed], some commentators hold that certain 21st-century practices perpetuate a modified version of the sundown town.[4][5]

Discriminatory policies and actions distinguish sundown towns from towns that have no black residents for demographic reasons. Historically, towns have been confirmed as sundown towns by newspaper articles, county histories, and Works Progress Administration files; this information has been corroborated by tax or U.S. census records showing an absence of black people or a sharp drop in the black population between two censuses.[6][3][7]

  1. ^ Morgan, Gordon D. (1973). Black Hillbillies of the Arkansas Ozarks. Assistance by Dina Cagle and Linde Harned. Fayetteville: U of AR Dept. of Sociology. p. 60. OCLC 2509042.
  2. ^ "Racial Segregation of Black People in Canada". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  3. ^ a b Loewen, James William (2009). "Sundown Towns and Counties: Racial Exclusion in the South". Southern Cultures. 15 (1): 22–44. doi:10.1353/scu.0.0044. S2CID 143592671.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference YNews was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Loewen3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Loewen, James William. "Sundown Towns on Stage and Screen". History News Network.
  7. ^ "Shedding Light on Sundown Towns". www.asanet.org. Retrieved 2017-03-16.

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