Extinct North Germanic language of the Baltic island of Gotland
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Old Gutnish
Region
Gotland
Language family
Indo-European
Germanic
North Germanic
Old Gutnish
Language codes
ISO 639-3
None (mis)
Linguist List
non-gut
Glottolog
gutn1238
IETF
non-u-sd-sei
Part of a series on
Old Norse
Dialects
Old West Norse
(Old Icelandic
Old Norwegian
Greenlandic Norse)
Old East Norse
(Old Danish
Old Swedish)
Old Gutnish
Use
Orthography
Runic alphabet
(Younger Futhark
Medieval)
Latin alphabet
Grammar
Phonology
Morphology
Literature
Poetry (alliterative verse)
Sagas
(of Icelanders
Legendary)
Edda
(Poetic Edda
Prose Edda)
First Grammatical Treatise
Ancestors
Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Germanic
Proto-Norse
Descendants
Dalecarlian
Danish
Faroese
Greenlandic Norse (extinct)
Gutnish
Icelandic
Norn (extinct)
Norwegian
Swedish
English words of Old Norse origin
WikiProject Norse history and culture
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Old Gutnish or Old Gotlandic[1] was a North Germanic language spoken on the Baltic island of Gotland. It shows sufficient differences from the Old West Norse and Old East Norse dialects that it is considered to be a separate branch. While vastly divergent from Old Gutnish and closer to Modern Swedish, a modern version of Gutnish is still spoken in some parts of Gotland and the adjoining island of Fårö.
The root Gut is identical to Goth, and it is often remarked that the language has similarities with the Gothic language. These similarities have led scholars such as Elias Wessén and Dietrich Hofmann to suggest that it is most closely related to Gothic. The best known example of such a similarity is that Gothic and Gutnish called both adult and young sheep lamb.
The Old Norse diphthong au (e.g. auga "eye") remained in Old Gutnish and Old West Norse, while in Old East Norse – except for peripheral dialects – it evolved into the monophthong ǿ, i.e. a long version of ø. Likewise the diphthong ai in bain ("bone") remained in Old Gutnish while in Old West Norse it became ei as in bein and in Old East Norse it became é (bén). Whereas Old West Norse had the ey diphthong and Old East Norse evolved the monophthong ǿ) Old Gutnish had oy.
Proto-Germanic
Old Gutnish
Old West Norse
Old East Norse
*augô (eye)
auga
auga
auga > ǿga
*bainą (bone)
bain
bein
bæin > bén
*hauzijaną (to hear)
hoyra
heyra
høyra > hǿra
Most of the corpus of Old Gutnish is found in the law of the Gutes (Old Gutnish: Guta lag) from the 13th century.
^Swedish at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
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