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Old Norse
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Old Swedish)
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First Grammatical Treatise
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Old Swedish (Modern Swedish: fornsvenska) is the name for two distinct stages of the Swedish language that were spoken in the Middle Ages: Early Old Swedish (Klassisk fornsvenska), spoken from about 1225 until about 1375, and Late Old Swedish (Yngre fornsvenska), spoken from about 1375 until about 1526.[2]
Old Swedish developed from Old East Norse, the eastern dialect of Old Norse. The earliest forms of the Swedish and Danish languages, spoken between the years 800 and 1100, were dialects of Old East Norse and are referred to as Runic Swedish and Runic Danish because at the time all texts were written in the runic alphabet. The differences were only minute, however, and the dialects truly began to diverge around the 12th century, becoming Old Swedish and Old Danish in the 13th century. It is not known when exactly Elfdalian began to diverge from Swedish.
Early Old Swedish was markedly different from modern Swedish in that it had a more complex case structure and had not yet experienced a reduction of the gender system and thus had three genders. Nouns, adjectives, pronouns and certain numerals were inflected in four cases: nominative, genitive, dative and accusative.
^CR Comments 2009-09 Archived 6 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine. SIL International.
^Fortescue, Michael D. Historical linguistics 2003: selected papers from the 16th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Copenhagen, 11–15 August 2003. John Benjamins Publishing Company 2005. p. 258. Accessed through Google Books.
OldSwedish (Modern Swedish: fornsvenska) is the name for two distinct stages of the Swedish language that were spoken in the Middle Ages: Early Old Swedish...
oldest Swedish law codes. OldSwedish is divided into äldre fornsvenska (1225–1375) and yngre fornsvenska (1375–1526), "older" and "younger" OldSwedish. Important...
("strong"), which in Swedish is stark as in OldSwedish. These differences can also be seen in comparison between Norwegian and Swedish. Old West Norse is by...
Swedes (Swedish: svenskar) are a ethnic group native to Sweden, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and language. They mostly inhabit Sweden and...
the 12th century, the dialects of Denmark and Sweden began to diverge, becoming Old Danish and OldSwedish in the 13th century. All were heavily influenced...
Finland Swedish or Fenno-Swedish (Swedish: finlandssvenska; Finnish: suomenruotsi) is a variety of the Swedish language and a closely related group of...
Swedish profanity can be divided into several categories. A substantial number of curse words in Swedish have religious origins. Euphemistic variants of...
The Swedish nobility (Swedish: Adeln or Ridderskapet och Adeln, Knighthood and Nobility) has historically been a legally and/or socially privileged class...
A Scandinavian mile (Norwegian and Swedish: mil, [miːl]) is a unit of length common in Norway and Sweden, but not Denmark. Today, it is standardised as...
Danish Swedish South Swedish dialects Scanian Göta dialects Gotland dialects Svealand dialects Norrland dialects Jämtland dialects East Swedish dialects...
Emund the Old or Edmund (Swedish: Emund den gamle; OldSwedish: Æmunðær gamlæ, Æmunðær gammal, Æmunðær slemæ; died c. 1060) was King of Sweden from c. 1050...
This is the oldSwedish name day calendar, sanctioned by the Swedish Academy in 1901, with official status until 1972. Some days still refer to traditional...
areas that Russia gained from Sweden in the Great Northern War (1700–1721) and in the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743). Old Finland was joined to the autonomous...
use Latin. Therefore, there are only a few texts in the OldSwedish from that period. Swedish literature only began to flourish when the language was...
Scandinavian, related to Danish dangle, Swedish dangla (="to swing about") and Norwegian dangla dank Related to Swedish dank (="moist place") and dänka (="to...
and Old East Norse dialects that it is considered to be a separate branch. While vastly divergent from Old Gutnish and closer to Modern Swedish, a modern...
(/ɡiːts, ˈɡeɪəts, jæts/ GHEETS, GAY-əts, YATS; Old English: gēatas [ˈjæɑtɑs]; Old Norse: gautar [ˈɡɑu̯tɑr]; Swedish: götar [ˈjø̂ːtar]), sometimes called Goths...
intelligibility between Swedish and Elfdalian, but since education and public administration in Älvdalen are conducted in Swedish, native speakers are bilingual...
integral part of Sweden. The starting point of Swedish rule is uncertain and controversial. Historical evidence of the establishment of Swedish rule in Finland...
(inflected as ball-e, -es, in turn from Old Norse böllr (pronounced [bɔlːr]; compare OldSwedish baller, and Swedish boll) from Proto-Germanic ballu-z (whence...
during the Middle Ages out of Old East Norse, the common predecessor of Danish and Swedish. It was a late form of common Old Norse. The Danish philologist...
The Kalmar Union (Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish: Kalmarunionen; Finnish: Kalmarin unioni; Icelandic: Kalmarsambandið; Latin: Unio Calmariensis) was a...
linguistic research, the assertion that Old Scanian was a Swedish dialect before the Swedish acquisition of most of old Skåneland is now seldom argued by linguistic...
English, the name of Sweden (Swedish: Sverige [ˈsvæ̌rjɛ] ) is derived from 17th century Middle Dutch and Middle Low German. In Old English, the country...
Swedish literature (Swedish: Svensk litteratur) refers to literature written in the Swedish language or by writers from Sweden. The first literary text...
a Norwegian dialect) OldSwedish † Modern Swedish Norrland dialects Svealand Swedish Dalecarlian Elfdalian (considered a Swedish Sveamål dialect, but...
21-year-oldSwedish king Charles XI. It is one of the bloodiest battles in percent of casualties on both sides ever fought in Scandinavia. After the Swedish defeat...
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