Historical term for inhabitants of Saaremaa, Estonia
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Oeselians or Osilians is a historical name for the people who prior to the Northern Crusades in the 13th century lived in the Estonian island of Saaremaa (Ösel)[a] – the Baltic Sea island was also referred as Oeselia or Osilia in written records dating from around that time.[1] In Viking Age literature, the inhabitants were often included under the name "Vikings from Estonia".[2], as written by Saxo Grammaticus in the late 12th century. The earliest known use of the word in the (Latinised) form of "Oeselians" in writing was by Henry of Livonia in the 13th century. The inhabitants of Saaremaa (Ösel) are also mentioned in a number of historic written sources dating from the Estonian Viking Age.
On the eve of Northern Crusades, the people then residing in Saaremaa were described in the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle: "The Oeselians, neighbors to the Kurs (Curonians), are surrounded by the sea and never fear strong armies as their strength is in their ships. In summers when they can travel across the sea they oppress the surrounding lands by raiding both Christians and pagans."[3]
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^Vesilind, Priit J. (May 2000). "In Search of Vikings". National Geographic. 197 (5). ISSN 0027-9358. For centuries Swedish raiders pillaged along the Baltic's eastern shores, but there they faced rivals such as the Kurs and the piratical Saarlased, or Oeselians, from the Estonian island of Saaremaa. Saaremaa's current coat of arms pictures a longboat, and Viking images thrive in Latvian and Estonian legends, jewelry, and folk dress. "Saarlased were the Vikings of the Baltics," said Bruno Pao, a marine historian on Saaremaa. "We have found stone ship settings, burial mounds, silver hoards. The pagan era here lasted until the 13th century."
^Prudence Jones, Nigel Pennick (2013). A History of Pagan Europe. Routledge. p. 166. ISBN 9781136141720.
^The Baltic Crusade By William L. Urban; p. 20 ISBN 0-929700-10-4
the Oeselians killed all the Germans on the island, drowned all the clerics and started to besiege the Livonian Order's castle at Pöide. The Oeselians levelled...
presence in the province of Wiek, but his troops were defeated by the Oeselians in the Battle of Lihula in 1220. By that time the entire northern Estonia...
in 1236, Oeselians rebelled. The conflict was ended by a treaty that was signed by the Oeselians and the Master of the Order. The Oeselians along with...
January 1227. After the surrender of two major Oeselian strongholds, Muhu and Valjala, the Oeselians formally accepted Christianity. In 1236, after the...
Chronicle of Henry of Livonia mentions Tharapita as the superior god of the Oeselians (inhabitants of Saaremaa), also well known to Vironian tribes in northern...
and by Estonians from the island of Saaremaa, known as Oeselians. In 1187 Estonians (Oeselians), Curonians or/and Karelians sacked Sigtuna, which was...
unexpectedly, which the Oeselians thought to have been carrying the Royal Army of the Danish king. The siege was ended and the Oeselians left. Mäesalu, Ain...
Estonians from the North. The last to be subjugated and Christianised were Oeselians, Curonians and Semigallians.[citation needed] This crusade differed from...
Koch 2020, pp. 142–144. Sutrop, Urmas. "Taarapita-the Great God of the Oeselians". In: Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 26 (2004). p. 40 Pedreño...
was burned down by Estonian tribe called Sosols (probably Sackalians, Oeselians or Harionenses). Most of the raids against Chuds described in medieval...
battle inspired rebellions among the Curonians, Semigallians, Selonians, Oeselians, tribes previously conquered by the Sword-Brothers. Some thirty years'...
at Otepää. Harrians and Oeselians came and even already baptized Sackalians. While troops of 20,000 of Novgorodians and Œselians attacked Otepää, Ugaunians...
against the Oeselians. The Crusades against the Oeselians (1206–1261). The Estonian region of Saaremaa, whose occupants were known as Oeselians, resisted...
battle inspired rebellions among the Curonians, Semigallians, Selonians, Oeselians, tribes previously conquered by the Sword-Brothers. Some thirty years'...
and aristocracy Christianization of Kievan Rus' Komnenian army Kylfings Oeselians Piraeus Lion (inscription made by Varangians) Rulers of Kievan Rus' Principality...
carry out a raid against the Oeselians (Estonian inhabitants of the island of Saaremaa), but were attacked by Oeselian ships. The sides of the two ships...
about a mountain and a forest where a god named Tharapita, worshipped by Oeselians, had been born. The solstice festival of Midsummer (Estonian: Jaanipäev)...
carry out a raid against the Oeselians (Estonian inhabitants of the island of Saaremaa), but were attacked by Oeselian ships. The sides of the two ships...
and pagan Oeselians. The battle, fought in Muhu, Estonia, resulted in the crusaders storming and capturing a fortress held by the Oeselians. In January...
Curonians to carry out joint raids and campaigns together with Estonians (Oeselians).[citation needed] According to some opinions, they took part in attacking...
at Otepää. Harrians and Oeselians came and even already baptized Sackalians. While troops of 20000 of Russians and Oeselians attacked Otepää, Ugaunians...
Aesti Chudes Baltic Finnic peoples Ancient counties Medieval Estonia Oeselians Viking Age Livonian Crusade Danish Estonia Old Livonia Baltic Germans...
Aesti Chudes Baltic Finnic peoples Ancient counties Medieval Estonia Oeselians Viking Age Livonian Crusade Danish Estonia Old Livonia Baltic Germans...
Sea, possibly from Curonia, or Estonians from the island of Saaremaa (Oeselians), or Karelians and Novgorodians, Archaeological excavations have not verified...
century the coasts of western Scandinavia were plundered by Curonians and Oeselians from the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. In the 13th and 14th century...
Aesti Chudes Baltic Finnic peoples Ancient counties Medieval Estonia Oeselians Viking Age Livonian Crusade Danish Estonia Old Livonia Baltic Germans...