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The antiviral drug aciclovir (bottom), a nucleoside analogue that functions by mimicking guanosine (top)
Nucleoside analogues are structural analogues of a nucleoside, which normally contain a nucleobase and a sugar. Nucleotide analogues are analogues of a nucleotide, which normally has one to three phosphates linked to a nucleoside. Both types of compounds can deviate from what they mimick in a number of ways, as changes can be made to any of the constituent parts (nucleobase, sugar, phosphate).[1] They are related to nucleic acid analogues.
Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues can be used in therapeutic drugs, including a range of antiviral products used to prevent viral replication in infected cells. The most commonly used is acyclovir.
Nucleotide and nucleoside analogues can also be found naturally. Examples include ddhCTP (3ʹ-deoxy-3′,4ʹdidehydro-CTP) produced by the human antiviral protein viperin[2] and sinefungin (a S-Adenosyl methionine analogue) produced by some Streptomyces.[3]
^Seley-Radtke, KL; Yates, MK (June 2018). "The evolution of nucleoside analogue antivirals: A review for chemists and non-chemists. Part 1: Early structural modifications to the nucleoside scaffold". Antiviral Research. 154: 66–86. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.004. PMC 6396324. PMID 29649496.
^Gizzi AS, Grove TL, Arnold JJ, Jose J, Jangra RK, Garforth SJ, et al. (June 2018). "A naturally occurring antiviral ribonucleotide encoded by the human genome". Nature. 558 (7711). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 610–614. Bibcode:2018Natur.558..610G. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0238-4. PMC 6026066. PMID 29925952.
^Vedel, M; Lawrence, F; Robert-Gero, M; Lederer, E (14 November 1978). "The antifungal antibiotic sinefungin as a very active inhibitor of methyltransferases and of the transformation of chick embryo fibroblasts by Rous sarcoma virus". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 85 (1): 371–6. doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(78)80052-7. PMID 217377.
and 24 Related for: Nucleoside analogue information
Nucleosideanalogues are structural analogues of a nucleoside, which normally contain a nucleobase and a sugar. Nucleotide analogues are analogues of a...
in all cases. Nucleosideanalogues may also be used to treat viral infections. For example, azidothymidine (AZT) is a nucleosideanalogue used to prevent...
alternative nucleoside/nucleotide analogues that correctly bind to RNA are used. This is achieved by using a different backbone sugar. These analogues include...
categorized into three classes—nucleoside active site inhibitors (NIs), non-nucleoside allosteric inhibitors, and pyrophosphate analogues. Subsequently, all three...
observed. It appears to be safe during breastfeeding. Aciclovir is a nucleosideanalogue that mimics guanosine. It works by decreasing the production of the...
PMID 25387551. Gish RG (January 2006). "Treating HCV with ribavirin analogues and ribavirin-like molecules". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy...
(AZT), is also a nucleosideanalogue. An improved knowledge of the action of reverse transcriptase has led to better nucleosideanalogues to treat HIV infections...
Penciclovir is a guanosine analogue antiviral drug used for the treatment of various herpesvirus infections. It is a nucleosideanalogue which exhibits low toxicity...
treatment with the antibiotic. Blasticidin S is a nucleosideanalogue antibiotic, resembling the nucleoside cytidine. Blasticidin works against human cells...
1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-1-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU), is a nucleosideanalogue that was investigated as a potential therapy for hepatitis B virus...
artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings. Several nucleosideanalogues are used as antiviral or anticancer agents. The viral polymerase...
Deuremidevir, also known as VV116, is an nucleosideanalogue antiviral drug. It is administrated through oral tablets, which contain the hydrobromide...
the pharmacologically active compound cordycepin. Cordycepin is a nucleosideanalogue of adenosine-differing by only a single hydroxyl group. It has been...
Sorivudine (INN), is a nucleosideanalogue antiviral drug, marketed under trade names such as Usevir (Nippon Shoji, Eisai) and Brovavir (BMS). It is used...
Idoxuridine is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug. It is a nucleosideanalogue, a modified form of deoxyuridine, similar enough to be incorporated into...
271–281 Dickinson et al 2020. Antiviral treatment using the adenosine nucleosideanalogue GS‐441524 in cats with clinically diagnosed neurological feline infectious...
useful before surgery or if side effects occur. Ticagrelor is a nucleosideanalogue: the cyclopentane ring is similar to the sugar ribose, and the nitrogen...
2-amino-6-(2-thienyl)purine and pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde. In medicine, several nucleosideanalogues are used as anticancer and antiviral agents. The viral polymerase...
(pegylated interferon) and the oral nucleosideanalogues. Lamivudine was the first approved oral nucleosideanalogue. While effective and potent, lamivudine...
Troxacitabine (brand name Troxatyl) is a nucleosideanalogue with anticancer activity. Its use is being studied in patients with refractory lymphoproliferative...
Jean-Pierre (2008). "LdT (telbivudine) as a potent and specific nucleosideanalogue (Tyzeka™, Sebivo™) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B". Collection...
“virtual Terminators”, which are unblocked terminators with a second nucleosideanalogue that acts as an inhibitor. These terminators have the appropriate...
of nucleotides. A purified nucleoside is protected to create a phosphoramidite, which can then be used to obtain analogues not found in nature and/or...
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