1440s–1634 confederation in the Pontic–Caspian steppe
Nogai Horde
1440s–1634
1500
MOGHULISTAN
PHAGMODRUPAS
CHAM- PA
SIBIR KHANATE
CRIMEAN KHANATE
LITHUANIA GRAND DUCHY
KHAZAN KHANATE
ASTRA- KHAN
MUSCOVY
NOGAIS
KAZAKH KHANATE
MING DYNASTY
FOUR OIRATS
NORTHERN YUAN
WHITE SHEEP TURKS
VIJAYA- NAGARA
SHAYBA- NIDS
TIMURID EMPIRE
DELHI SULTANATE
Tungus
AVA
LAN XANG
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
MAMLUK SULTANATE
JO- SEON
MALACCA
◁ ▷
Location of the Nogay Horde and main Asian polities c. 1500
Approximate territory of the Nogai Horde at the end of the 15th century
Status
Horde
Capital
Saray-Jük
Official languages
Nogai
Common languages
Nogai
Religion
Sunni Islam
Demonym(s)
Nogai
History
• Established
1440s
• Conquered by the Tsardom of Russia
1634
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Golden Horde
Tsardom of Russia
Kalmyk Khanate
The Nogai Horde was a confederation founded by the Nogais that occupied the Pontic–Caspian steppe from about 1500 until they were pushed west by the Kalmyks and south by the Russians in the 17th century. The Mongol tribe called the Manghuds constituted a core of the Nogai Horde.
In the 13th century, the leader of the Golden Horde, Nogai Khan, a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through Jochi, formed an army of the Manghits joined by numerous Turkic tribes. A century later the Nogays were led by Edigu, a commander of Manghit paternal origin and Jochid maternal origin, who founded the Nogai dynasty.[1]
In 1557, Nogai Nur-al-Din Qazi Mirza quarreled with Ismael Beg and founded the Lesser Nogai Horde on the steppe of the North Caucasus. The Nogais north of the Caspian were thereafter called the Great Nogai Horde. In the early 17th century, the Horde broke down further under the onslaught of the Kalmyks.[2]
The Nogais north of the Black Sea were nominally subject to the Crimean Khanate rather than the Nogai Bey. They were divided into the following groups: Budjak (from the Danube to the Dniester), Yedisan (from the Dniester to the Bug), Jamboyluk (Bug to Crimea), Yedickul (north of Crimea) and Kuban. In particular, the Yedisans are mentioned as a distinct group, and in various locations.[3]
^Khodarkovsky, Russia's Steppe Frontier p. 9
^Khodarkovsky - Russia's Steppe Frontier p. 11
^According to Tsutsiev (Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, 2014, Map 4 for 1774), many of these tribes existed north of the Caucasus. From west to east he lists 'Kipchak', Yedishkul, Jambulak, Navruz, Mansur(sic), and Beshtau Nogay. North of Jambulak-Beshtau were Yedisans and north of these names are omitted. East of the Beshtau Nogay were Turkmen and then the Kara-Nogai in the present Nogai location west of the Caspian.
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