Taht-i Qırım ve Deşt-i Qıpçaq تخت قريم و دشت قپچاق(Crimean Tatar)
1441–1783
Flag[1]
Coat of arms (17th–18th century)
The Crimean Khanate in 1502
Status
Khanate[a]
Capital
Orda-i muazzam Kirkyir[2]
Eski Qırım
Bağçasaray
Common languages
Kipchak dialects (Old Crimean Tatar)
Ottoman Turkish
Language of literature — Chagatai language[3]
Religion
Sunni Islam
Demonym(s)
Crimean
Government
Elective monarchy
Khan
• 1441–1466
Hacı I Giray (first)
• 1777–1783
Şahin Giray (last)
History
• Established
1441
• Annexation by the Russian Empire
1783
Currency
Akçe
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Golden Horde
Principality of Theodoro
Russian Empire
Today part of
Moldova
Russia
Ukraine
The Crimean Khanate[b] self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak[4][c] and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary[d], was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441–1783, the longest-lived of the Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441, it was regarded as the direct heir to the Golden Horde and to Desht-i-Kipchak.[5][6]
In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance.[7]
^Archive
^Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Vol. 14. 1996. p. 77.
^"CHAGHATAY LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE". Iranica. Ebn Mohannā (Jamāl-al-Dīn, fl. early 8th/14th century, probably in Khorasan), for instance, characterized it as the purest of all Turkish languages (Doerfer, 1976, p. 243), and the khans of the Golden Horde (Radloff, 1870; Kurat; Bodrogligeti, 1962) and of the Crimea (Kurat), as well as the Kazan Tatars (Akhmetgaleeva; Yusupov), wrote in Chaghatay much of the time.
^Andriy Domanovsky (2017). Загадки Истории Крымское Ханство(PDF) (in Russian). p. 11.
^Протоколы посланий первых лиц Крымского юрта и договорных грамот ханской канцелярии. Из писем ханов Ислам-Гирея III и Мухаммед-Гирея IV к царю Алексею Михайловичу и королю Яну Казимиру "…Я, великий хан Ислам-Гирей, великий падишах Великой Орды и Великого Юрта, Дешт-Кыпчака, и престольного Крыма, и всех ногаев, и неисчислимых войск, и татов с тавгачами, и горных черкесов, да поможет Ему Аллах оставаться победителем до Судного дня, от Их величества
^Зайцев И. В., Орешкова С. Ф. Османский мир и османистика стр. 259
^
Г. Л. Кессельбреннер (1994). Крым: страницы истории. Moscow: SvR-Аргус. ISBN 5-86949-003-0.
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The CrimeanKhanate self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary...
Ottoman Turkish rule, while the CrimeanKhanate in northern regions was vassalized. The language has possible Crimean Gothic and some Italian and Greek...
The territory of Crimea, previously controlled by the CrimeanKhanate, was annexed by the Russian Empire on 19 April [O.S. 8 April] 1783. The period before...
traditionally marks the end of Mongol rule over Russia. The CrimeanKhanate and the Kazakh Khanate, the last remnants of the Golden Horde, survived until 1783...
in the 13th century from which the CrimeanKhanate emerged as a successor state. In the 15th century, the Khanate became a dependency of the Ottoman Empire...
slave trades of the Black Sea region was the trade of the CrimeanKhanate, known as the Crimean slave trade. The Black Sea was situated in a region historically...
Kalmyks. The Nogais north of the Black Sea were nominally subject to the CrimeanKhanate rather than the Nogai Bey. They were divided into the following groups:...
expeditions against the Crimean Tatars, the Ottoman Empire, neighboring Muslim tribes, and the highlanders of the North Caucasus. The Khanate was annexed by the...
Horde and the CrimeanKhanate, which had become a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire in 1475. The Muscovite prince Ivan III sided with Crimean khan Meñli...
Horde, and to the west Nogais who were theoretically subjects of the CrimeanKhanate. The area was a natural center since it was the intersection of the...
Horde in Europe, such as those of the former Kazan, Crimean, Astrakhan, Qasim, and Siberian Khanates. The form Tartar has its origins in either Latin or...
centre of Crimea fell to the Mongol Golden Horde, and in the 1440s the CrimeanKhanate formed out of the collapse of the horde but quite rapidly itself became...
Black Sea: Eunuchs in the CrimeanKhanate Królikowska-Jedlińska, Natalia (2018). Law and Division of Power in the CrimeanKhanate (1532–1774): With Special...
treaty with the Astrakhan Khanate, the CrimeanKhanate and the Nogay Horde. The combined forces of khan Muhamed Giray and his Crimean allies then attacked...
controlled by the Venetians and by the Genoese. They were followed by the CrimeanKhanate and the Ottoman Empire in the 15th to 18th centuries, the Russian Empire...
Ulus (Golden Horde) in the 13th century and the establishment of the CrimeanKhanate in the 15th century. The ancestors of modern Ukrainians acquired the...
khans from ruling families of the Tatar khanates: Khanate of Kazan, the CrimeanKhanate, and the Siberia Khanate. Qasim khans with their guard participated...
and the neglect of its Black Sea colonies, but also the rise of the CrimeanKhanate. In 1432 Gothia sided with Venice against Genoa due to the former's...
The CrimeanKhanate was a state which existed in present-day southern Ukraine from 1441 until 1783. The position of Khan in Crimea was electoral and was...
the Astrakhan Khanate, and after the conquest of Astrakhan in 1556 by Russians, they transferred their allegiance to the CrimeanKhanate. The Nogais protected...
PHAGMODRUPAS CHAM- PA SIBIR KHANATECRIMEANKHANATE LITHUANIA GRAND DUCHY KHAZAN KHANATE ASTRA- KHAN MUSCOVY NOGAIS KAZAKH KHANATE MING DYNASTY FOUR OIRATS...
traced back to the descendant states of the Golden Horde, the CrimeanKhanate and Kazan Khanate. They initially served as a noble military caste but later...
came under the rule of four external powers: the Golden Horde, the CrimeanKhanate, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland...
other Saqaliba slaves for military purposes. In the time of the CrimeanKhanate, Crimeans engaged in frequent raids into the Danubian principalities, Poland–Lithuania...
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