11-13 ulitsa Bol. Lubyanka, Moscow, RSFSR, Soviet Union
Agency executives
Genrikh Yagoda (1934–1936)
Nikolai Yezhov (1936–1938)
Lavrentiy Beria (1938–1945)
Sergei Kruglov (1945–1946)
Parent agency
Council of the People's Commissars
Child agencies
Main Directorate for State Security (GUGB)
Main Directorate of Camps (Gulag)
Main Directorate of Militsiya (GURKM)
Main Directorate of Border and Internal Security (GUPiVO).
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, romanized: Naródny komissariát vnútrennih del (NKVD), pronounced[nɐˈrodnɨjkəmʲɪsərʲɪˈatˈvnutrʲɪnʲɪɣdʲel]), abbreviated NKVD (НКВДlistenⓘ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.
Established in 1917 as NKVD of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic,[1] the agency was originally tasked with conducting regular police work and overseeing the country's prisons and labor camps.[2] It was disbanded in 1930, and its functions were dispersed among other agencies. Then it was reinstated as an all-union commissariat in 1934.[3]
The functions of the OGPU (the secret police organization) were transferred to the NKVD around the year 1930, giving it a monopoly over law enforcement that lasted until the end of World War II.[2] During this period, the NKVD included both ordinary public order activities, and secret police activities.[4] The NKVD is known for political repression and for carrying out the Great Purge under Joseph Stalin. It was led by Genrikh Yagoda, Nikolai Yezhov, and Lavrentiy Beria.[5][6][7]
The NKVD undertook mass extrajudicial executions of citizens, and conceived, populated and administered the Gulag system of forced labor camps. Their agents were responsible for the repression of the wealthier peasantry.[8] They oversaw the protection of Soviet borders and espionage (which included carrying out political assassinations).
In March 1946 all People's Commissariats were renamed to Ministries. The NKVD became the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD).[9]
^
Semukhina, Olga B.; Reynolds, Kenneth Michael (2013). Understanding the Modern Russian Police. CRC Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-4822-1887-9.
^ abHuskey, Eugene (2014). Russian Lawyers and the Soviet State: The Origins and Development of the Soviet Bar, 1917–1939. Princeton University Press. p. 230. ISBN 978-1-4008-5451-6.
^Semukhina, Olga B.; Reynolds, Kenneth Michael (2013). Understanding the Modern Russian Police. CRC Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-4398-0349-3.
^
Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (2015). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Yale University Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-300-16694-1.
^Yevgenia Albats, KGB: The State Within a State. 1995, page 101
^Robert Gellately. Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe. Knopf, 2007 ISBN 978-1-4000-4005-6 p. 460
^Catherine Merridale. Night of Stone: Death and Memory in Twentieth-Century Russia. Penguin Books, 2002 ISBN 978-0-14-200063-2 p. 200
^Viola, Lynne (207). The Unknown Gulag: The Lost World of Stalin's Special Settlements. New York: Oxford University Press.
Applebaum, Anne (2003). Gulag: A History. New York: Doubleday.
^Statiev, Alexander (2010). The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76833-7.
romanized: Naródny komissariát vnútrennih del (NKVD), pronounced [nɐˈrodnɨj kəmʲɪsərʲɪˈat ˈvnutrʲɪnʲɪɣ dʲel]), abbreviated NKVD (НКВД listen), was the interior ministry...
criticized the NKVD for carrying out mass executions, and oversaw the execution of Genrikh Yagoda and Nikolai Yezhov, who headed the NKVD during the purge...
The NKVD prisoner massacres were a series of mass executions of political prisoners carried out by the NKVD, the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs...
separated from GUGB NKVD. The official liquidation of OO GUGB within NKVD was announced on 12 February by a joint order № 00151/003 of NKVD and NKGB USSR....
NKVD troika or Special troika (Russian: особая тройка, romanized: osobaya troyka), in Soviet history, were the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs...
Mass operations of the People's Comissariate of Internal Affairs (NKVD) were carried out during the Great Purge and targeted specific categories of people...
Special Council of the USSR NKVD (Russian: Особое совещание при НКВД СССР (ОСО), romanized: Osoboe soveshchanie pri NKVD SSSR, (OSO)) was created by the...
a Soviet secret police official under Joseph Stalin who was head of the NKVD from 1936 to 1938, during the height of the Great Purge. Yezhov organized...
Polish Operation of the NKVD (Soviet security service) in 1937–1938 was an anti-Polish mass-ethnic cleansing operation of the NKVD carried out in the Soviet...
Finnish Operation of the NKVD was a mass arrest, execution and deportations of persons of Finnish origin in the Soviet Union by the NKVD during the period of...
(GUPVO NKVD) was renamed the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR (GUPVV). On April 20, 1938, the number of NKVD troops...
and chief, and chief of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) under Joseph Stalin during the Second World War, and promoted to deputy...
Estonian Operation of the NKVD was a mass arrest, execution and deportations of persons of Estonian origin in the Soviet Union by the NKVD during the period of...
(GPU) and connecting it with People's Commisariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) of the Russian SFSR, foreign intelligence was conducted by the GPU Foreign...
direct successor of preceding agencies such as the Cheka, GPU, OGPU, NKGB, NKVD and MGB, it was attached to the Council of Ministers. It was the chief government...
Greeks in the country and the 1939 census recorded 286,444. On 9 August 1937, NKVD order 00485 was adopted to target "subversive activities of Polish intelligence"...
операция», Latvian: „Latviešu operācija”) was a national operation of the NKVD against ethnic Latvians, Latvian nationals and persons otherwise affiliated...
intelligentsia prisoners of war carried out by the Soviet Union, specifically the NKVD ("People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs", the Soviet secret police)...
upravlenie (GPU) pri narodnom komissariate vnutrennikh del (NKVD) RSFSR – (GPU pri NKVD RSFSR) English: = State Political Directorate (also State Political...
February 6, 1922: Cheka transforms into GPU, a department of the NKVD of the Russian SFSR. NKVD – "People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs" GPU – State Political...
1958 to February 1963. Serov was NKVD Commissar of the Ukrainian SSR from 1939 to 1941 and Deputy Commissar of the NKVD under Lavrentiy Beria from 1941...
carried out by a senior NKVD chief, Yakov Agranov, and later by another NKVD bureau officer whose name he did not remember. The other NKVD official may have...
1938) was a Soviet secret police official who served as director of the NKVD, the Soviet Union's security and intelligence agency, from 1934 to 1936....
agency: first to the Cheka/OGPU, then to NKVD/MGB and, finally, to the KGB. Accordingly, they were known as NKVD Border Security and KGB Border Troops....
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