1941 mass executions of Soviet political prisoners
NKVD prisoner massacres
Victims of Soviet NKVD in Lviv, June 1941
Date
June 1941 (1941-06) – November 1941 (1941-11)
Location
Occupied Poland, Ukrainian SSR, Byelorussian SSR, the Baltic states, Bessarabia
Type
Extrajudicial killings
Participants
NKVD and NKGB (united 20 July 1941)
Deaths
100,000
The NKVD prisoner massacres were a series of mass executions of political prisoners carried out by the NKVD, the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union, across Eastern Europe, primarily in Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic states and Bessarabia. After the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, NKVD troops were supposed to evacuate political prisoners to the interior of the Soviet Union, but the hasty retreat of the Red Army, a lack of transportation and other supplies, and general disregard for legal procedures often led to prisoners being simply executed.
Estimates of the death toll vary by location; nearly 9,000 in the Ukrainian SSR,[1] 20,000–30,000 in eastern Poland (now part of Western Ukraine),[2] with the total number reaching approximately 100,000 extrajudicial executions in the span of a few weeks.[3]
^Berkhoff, Karel Cornelis (2004). Harvest of Despair. Harvard University Press. p. 14. ISBN 0-674-02078-2. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
^Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). Poland's Holocaust. Jefferson: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0371-3.
^Robert Gellately. Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe. Knopf, 2007 ISBN 1-4000-4005-1 p. 391
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