Myrosinase (EC 3.2.1.147, thioglucoside glucohydrolase, sinigrinase, and sinigrase) is a family of enzymes involved in plant defense against herbivores, specifically the mustard oil bomb. The three-dimensional structure has been elucidated and is available in the PDB (see links in the infobox).
A member of the glycoside hydrolase family, myrosinase possesses several similarities with the more ubiquitous O-glycosidases.[2][3] However, myrosinase is the only known enzyme found in nature that can cleave a thio-linked glucose. Its known biological function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of a class of compounds called glucosinolates.[4]
^Burmeister WP, Cottaz S, Rollin P, Vasella A, Henrissat B (December 2000). "High resolution X-ray crystallography shows that ascorbate is a cofactor for myrosinase and substitutes for the function of the catalytic base". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (50): 39385–39393. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006796200. PMID 10978344.
^Halkier BA, Gershenzon J (2006). "Biology and biochemistry of glucosinolates". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 57: 303–333. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105228. PMID 16669764.
^Bones AM, Rossiter JT (June 2006). "The enzymic and chemically induced decomposition of glucosinolates". Phytochemistry. 67 (11): 1053–1067. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.02.024. PMID 16624350.
^Shikita M, Fahey JW, Golden TR, Holtzclaw WD, Talalay P (August 1999). "An unusual case of 'uncompetitive activation' by ascorbic acid: purification and kinetic properties of a myrosinase from Raphanus sativus seedlings". The Biochemical Journal. 341 ( Pt 3) (3): 725–732. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3410725. PMC 1220411. PMID 10417337.
Myrosinase (EC 3.2.1.147, thioglucoside glucohydrolase, sinigrinase, and sinigrase) is a family of enzymes involved in plant defense against herbivores...
The mustard oil bomb, formerly known as the glucosinolate–myrosinase complex, is a chemical herbivory defense system found in members of the Brassicaceae...
isothiocyanate group of organosulfur compounds. It is produced when the enzyme myrosinase transforms glucoraphanin, a glucosinolate, into sulforaphane upon damage...
"mustard oil") upon hydrolysis of the thioglucoside bond by the enzyme myrosinase. The semisystematic naming of glucosinolates consists of the chemical...
a grayish-white to powdery blue appearance. Cabbage aphids produce a myrosinase (beta-thioglucoside glucohydrolase) enzyme in head and thoracic muscles;...
repel insects. Premier examples are substances activated by the enzyme myrosinase. This enzyme converts glucosinolates to various compounds that are toxic...
vegetables. Glucoraphanin is converted to sulforaphane by the enzyme myrosinase. In plants, sulforaphane deters insect predators and acts as a selective...
are also available. However, many of these products are produced from myrosinase-inactive sprout or seed extracts.[citation needed] It is difficult, if...
mustard (Brassica juncea). When these mustard seeds are broken, the enzyme myrosinase is released and acts on a glucosinolate known as sinigrin to give allyl...
Purgatto E, et al. (2008). "Benzylglucosinolate, benzyl isothiocyanate, and myrosinase activity in papaya fruit during development and ripening". J Agric Food...
chewed). Under these conditions, a chemical reaction between the enzyme myrosinase and a glucosinolate known as sinigrin from the seeds of black mustard...
allyl isothiocyanate. Upon crushing the flesh of horseradish, the enzyme myrosinase is released and acts on the glucosinolates sinigrin and gluconasturtiin...
biosynthesis, PEITC is produced from gluconasturtiin by the action of the enzyme myrosinase. "Dictionary of Cancer Terms: PEITC". National Cancer Institute. Cheung...
various chemical compounds produced by the plants, including glucosinolate, myrosinase, and isothiocyanate. They are sometimes grown as companion plants and...
sinigrin-containing plant tissue is crushed or otherwise damaged, the enzyme myrosinase degrades sinigrin to a mustard oil (allyl isothiocyanate), which is responsible...
affect cancer. Glucosinolates are hydrolyzed to isothiocyanates (ITCs) by myrosinase. ITCs are being investigated for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic...
Brassicaceae contain glucosinolates as well as myrosinases inside their cells. When the cell is damaged, the myrosinases hydrolise the glucosinolates, leading...
characterized by the production of glucosinolates, and of the enzyme myrosinase, which acts on glucosinolates to release isothiocyanates. Sinigrin is...
sulfur-containing organic compounds); the hydrolysis reaction is catalyzed by myrosinase and occurs when the enzyme is released on cell rupture caused by maceration –...
responsible for its sharper taste. With regard to enzymes, the protease and myrosinase activities of the Gegeol radish are higher but the α-amylose activity...
flavour). When the leaves are chewed glucosinolates, through the enzyme myrosinase, are metabolized in isothiocyanates and indoles. One of Trotula's works...
to form the mustard oil 4-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate by the enzyme myrosinase. The less sharp taste of white mustard is because 4-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate...
Upon tissue disruption glucosinolates are enzymatically degraded by myrosinase and may yield a variety of biologically active products such as isothiocyanates...
effect of gluconasturtiin is due to its degradation by the plant enzyme myrosinase into phenethyl isothiocyanate, which is toxic to many organisms. Gluconasturtiin...
mustards, and woad. As for other glucosinolates, degradation by the enzyme myrosinase is expected to produce an isothiocyanate, indol-3-ylmethylisothiocyanate...
cruciferous vegetables by myrosinase, an enzyme which hydrolyses glucosinolates to form nitriles and other products. Myrosinase is activated by l-ascorbic...
Global Information