Mulde event information

Silurian graphical timeline

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Paleozoic

Ordovician

Silurian

Devonian

Llandovery

Wenlock

Ludlow

Přídolí

Rhuddanian

Aeronian

Telychian

Sheinwoodian

Homerian

Gorstian

Ludfordian

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Lau event

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Mulde event^[1]

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Ireviken event^[2]

Subdivision of the Silurian according to the ICS, as of 2021.^[3]
Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.

The Mulde event was an anoxic event,^[4] and marked the second of three¹ relatively minor mass extinctions (the Ireviken, Mulde, and Lau events) during the Silurian period. It coincided with a global drop in sea level, and is closely followed by an excursion^{[clarification needed]} in geochemical isotopes. Its onset is synchronous with the deposition of the Fröjel Formation in Gotland.^[4] Perceived extinction in the conodont fauna, however, likely represent a change in the depositional environment of sedimentary sequences rather than a genuine biological extinction.^[5]

Higher resolution δ¹³C isotope analysis identifies differences in the organic and carbonate carbon isotope curves (Δ¹³C), allowing the inference of a sustained drop in CO₂ levels coincident with the extinction once sedimentological data are taken into account.^[6]

^ Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.
^ Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.
^ "Chart/Time Scale". www.stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
^ ^a ^b Samtleben, C.; Munnecke, A.; Bickert, T. (2000). "Development of facies and C/O-isotopes in transects through the Ludlow of Gotland: Evidence for global and local influences on a shallow-marine environment". Facies. 43 (1): 1–38. Bibcode:2000Faci...43....1S. doi:10.1007/BF02536983. S2CID 130640332.
^ Jarochowska, Emilia; Ray, David C; Röstel, Philipp; Worton, Graham; Munnecke, Axel (2017). "Harnessing stratigraphic bias at the section scale: Conodont diversity in the Homerian (Silurian) of the Midland Platform, England". Palaeontology. 61: 57–76. doi:10.1111/pala.12326. S2CID 135200300.
^ Biebesheimer, Ellie J.; Cramer, Bradley D.; Calner, Mikael; Barnett, Bruce A.; Oborny, Stephan C.; Bancroft, Alyssa M. (2021). "Asynchronous δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg records during the onset of the Mulde (Silurian) positive carbon isotope excursion from the Altajme core, Gotland, Sweden". Chemical Geology. 576: 120256. Bibcode:2021ChGeo.57620256B. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120256. ISSN 0009-2541. S2CID 234817512.

[Jeppsson2007-1] Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.

[Munnecke2003-2] Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.

[3] "Chart/Time Scale". www.stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy.

[Samtleben2000-4] Samtleben, C.; Munnecke, A.; Bickert, T. (2000). "Development of facies and C/O-isotopes in transects through the Ludlow of Gotland: Evidence for global and local influences on a shallow-marine environment". Facies. 43 (1): 1–38. Bibcode:2000Faci...43....1S. doi:10.1007/BF02536983. S2CID 130640332.

[5] Jarochowska, Emilia; Ray, David C; Röstel, Philipp; Worton, Graham; Munnecke, Axel (2017). "Harnessing stratigraphic bias at the section scale: Conodont diversity in the Homerian (Silurian) of the Midland Platform, England". Palaeontology. 61: 57–76. doi:10.1111/pala.12326. S2CID 135200300.

[6] Biebesheimer, Ellie J.; Cramer, Bradley D.; Calner, Mikael; Barnett, Bruce A.; Oborny, Stephan C.; Bancroft, Alyssa M. (2021). "Asynchronous δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg records during the onset of the Mulde (Silurian) positive carbon isotope excursion from the Altajme core, Gotland, Sweden". Chemical Geology. 576: 120256. Bibcode:2021ChGeo.57620256B. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120256. ISSN 0009-2541. S2CID 234817512.

Mulde event information

and 25 Related for: Mulde event information

Mulde event

Ireviken event

List of extinction events

Llandovery Epoch

Lau event

Silurian

Pridoli Epoch

Ludlow Epoch

Wenlock Epoch

Rhuddanian

Extinction event

Telychian

Homerian

Aeronian

Sheinwoodian

Great Oxidation Event

Gorstian

Brittle star

Ludfordian

List of flood basalt provinces

Selli Event

Dasberg Event

Holocene extinction

Geology of Gotland

Dessau