Sudanese religious and political leader (1844–1885)
For other people named Muhammad Ahmad, see Muhammad Ahmad (disambiguation).
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Muhammad Ahmad
Artistic representation of Muhammad Ahmad
Imam Mahdi
In office 1881–1885
Preceded by
Position established
Succeeded by
Abdallahi ibn Muhammad 'Khalifa'
Personal details
Born
(1843-08-12)12 August 1843 Labab Island, Dongola, Turco-Egyptian Sudan
Died
21 June 1885(1885-06-21) (aged 41) Khartoum, Mahdist State
Cause of death
Typhus
Resting place
The Mahdi's tomb, Omdurman, Sudan
Occupation
Politician
theologian
military leader
Title
Mahdi
Personal
Religion
Islam
Denomination
Sunni
Jurisprudence
Maliki
Main interest(s)
Fiqh, Tafsir
Tariqa
Sammāniyya
Muhammad Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Fahal (Arabic: محمد أحمد بن عبد الله بن فحل; 12 August 1843 – 21 June 1885) was a Sudanese religious and political leader. In 1881, he claimed to be the Mahdi, and led a war against Ottoman-Egyptian rule in Sudan which culminated in a remarkable victory over the British in the Siege of Khartoum, while also slowing and defeating the British during their unsuccessful Nile Expedition to resupply the Khartoum Garrison. He created a vast Islamic state extending from the Red Sea to Central Africa, and founded a movement that remained influential in Sudan a century later.[1]
From his announcement of the Mahdist State in June 1881 until its end in 1898,[2] the Mahdi's supporters, the Ansār, established many of its theological and political doctrines. After Muhammad Ahmad's unexpected death from typhus on 22 June 1885 shortly after his army's victories, his chief deputy, Abdallahi ibn Muhammad took over the administration of the nascent Mahdist State.
The Mahdist State, weakened by his successor's autocratic rule and inability to unify the populace to resist the British blockade and subsequent war, was dissolved following the Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan in 1899. Despite that, the Mahdi remains a respected figure in the history of Sudan. In the late 20th century, one of his direct descendants, Sadiq al-Mahdi, twice served as prime minister of Sudan (1966–1967 and 1986–1989), and pursued pro-democracy policies.[1]
^ ab"al-Mahdī | Sudanese religious leader | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
^Holt, P.M.: "The Mahdist State in Sudan, 1881–1898". Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970. p. 45.
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