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TMV MP30 localizes to plasmodesmata when fused to GFP. This image was captured using confocal laser scanning microscopy
A movement protein (MP) is a specific virus-encoded protein that is thought to be a general feature of plant genomes. In order for a virus to infect a plant, it must be able to move between cells so it can spread throughout the plant. Plant cell walls make this moving/spreading quite difficult and therefore, for this to occur, movement proteins must be present. Movement proteins allow for local and systemic viral spread throughout a plant.[1] MPs were first studied in the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), where it was found that viruses were unable to spread without the presence of a specific protein.[1] In general, the plant viruses first move within the cell from replication sites to the plasmodesmata (PD). Then, the virus is able to go through the PD and spread to other cells. This process is controlled through MPs. Different MPs use different mechanisms and pathways to regulate this spread of some viruses.[2] Nearly all plants express at least one MP, while some can encode many different MPs which help with cell to cell viral transmission.[3] They serve to increase the size exclusion limits (SEL) of plasmodesmata to allow for greater spread of the virus.[4]
^ abMushegian, A. R.; Elena, S. F. (2015-07-01). "Evolution of plant virus movement proteins from the 30K superfamily and of their homologs integrated in plant genomes". Virology. 72 (476): 304–315. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.012. hdl:10261/109217. PMID 25576984.
^Taliansky, Michael; Torrance, Lesley; Kalinina, Natalia O. (2008), Foster, Gary D.; Johansen, I. Elisabeth; Hong, Yiguo; Nagy, Peter D. (eds.), "Role of Plant Virus Movement Proteins", Plant Virology Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 451, Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, pp. 33–54, doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-102-4_3, ISBN 978-1-58829-827-0, PMID 18370246, retrieved 2022-05-04
^Lucas, William J. (2006). "Plant viral movement proteins: Agents for cell-to-cell trafficking of viral genomes". Virology. 344 (1): 169–184. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.026. PMID 16364748.
^Lazarowitz, Sondra G.; Beachy, Roger N. (1999). "Viral Movement Proteins as Probes for Intracellular and Intercellular Trafficking in Plants". The Plant Cell. 11 (4): 535–548. doi:10.1105/tpc.11.4.535. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 144200. PMID 10213776.
A movementprotein (MP) is a specific virus-encoded protein that is thought to be a general feature of plant genomes. In order for a virus to infect a...
viroids, and viral genomes from cell to cell. One example of a viral movementproteins is the tobacco mosaic virus MP-30. MP-30 is thought to bind to the...
transport proteins. Carrier proteins are proteins involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across...
protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein,...
domains), an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a so-called movementprotein (MP) and a capsid protein (CP). The coding sequence starts with the first reading...
in myosin protein structure can lead to Usher syndrome and non-syndromic deafness. Motor proteins utilizing the cytoskeleton for movement fall into two...
non-structural protein and the read-through product which are involved in virus replication (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp); the movementprotein (MP) which...
Monoprinting (M/P), a type of printmaking producing a single print Movementprotein, proteins encoded by plant viruses to facilitate cell-to-cell transmission...
viral genome by movementproteins (MP), which are nonstructural proteins encoded by many, if not all, plant viruses to enable their movement from one infected...
four proteins: a replicase, a coat protein, a movementprotein to facilitate cell to cell movement through plasmodesmata, and sometimes a protein that...
encodes movementprotein and coat protein. The virus particles are 28 nm in diameter and contain 60 copies each of a Large (L) and Small (S) coat protein. The...
movement of the cations like Na and K when acetylcholine binds to its receptors. Many viral capsids are formed by hexameric and pentameric proteins....
These three RNAs encode five proteins, proteins 1a, 2a, 2b, movementprotein (MP) and coat protein (CP). While proteins 1a and 2a are responsible for...
only four proteins. Bidirectional transcription from a long intergenic region (LIR) results in the virion-sense expression of a movementprotein (MP) and...
composed of protein called actin. Two strands of actin intertwined together form a filamentous structure allowing for the movement of motor proteins. Microfilaments...
tracks for the movement of myosin molecules that affix to the microfilament and "walk" along them. In general, the major component or protein of microfilaments...
A vesicular transport protein, or vesicular transporter, is a membrane protein that regulates or facilitates the movement of specific molecules across...
and movement complex proteins which may allow replication vesicles to be recruited to the movement complex for efficient intercellular movement. P3 also...
Protein combining or protein complementing is a dietary theory for protein nutrition that purports to optimize the biological value of protein intake....
Associated with diverse cellular Activities) proteins (speak: tripple-A ATPases) are a large group of protein family sharing a common conserved module of...
contains membrane proteins, including integral proteins that span the membrane and serve as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that loosely attach...
the protein and non-protein parts of the mixture, and finally separate the desired protein from all other proteins. Ideally, to study a protein of interest...
A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases...
two proteins (p33 and p92), a capsid protein (called CP or p41), and two additional proteins, the RNA silencing suppressor p19 and movementprotein p22...
what viral proteins interfere with the host cell processes. One protein that is encoded on RNA 2 is the movementprotein for B1MaV. This protein helps the...
In cellular biology, active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher...
A prion /ˈpriːɒn/ is a misfolded protein that can induce misfolding of normal variants of the same protein and trigger cellular death. Prions cause prion...
Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils. It is found...
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