Modern Armenian (Armenian: աշխարհաբար, ashkharhabar or ašxarhabar, literally the "secular/lay language") is the modern vernacular (vulgar) form of the Armenian language.[1] Although it first appeared in the 14th century, it was not until the 18-19th centuries that it became the dominant form of written Armenian, as opposed to Classical Armenian (grabar or the "language of the book").[2] It has two standardized forms: Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian, mostly spoken—in the 19th century—in the Ottoman and Russian empires, respectively.
The first novel written in Modern Armenian is Khachatur Abovian's Wounds of Armenia, first published posthumously in 1858.[3] Besides Abovian, other prominent advocates of the use of Modern Armenian were Mikayel Nalbandian[4] and Raphael Patkanian.[5] Pataknian's father, Gabriel, published Ararat, the first Modern Armenian periodical in the Russian-controlled Caucasus.[6][7]
^Nichanian, Marc (2014). Mourning Philology: Art and Religion at the Margins of the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. p. 41 Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780823255245. ...our vulgar language [ashkharhabar]...
^Nersessian, Vrej (2001). The Bible in the Armenian Tradition. Getty Publications. p. 36. ISBN 9780892366408.
^Nichanian, Marc (2002). Writers of Disaster: Armenian Literature in the Twentieth Century. Princeton, NJ: Gomidas Institute. p. 87. ISBN 9781903656099.
^Bardakjian, Kevork B., ed. (2000). A Reference Guide to Modern Armenian Literature, 1500-1920: With an Introductory History. Wayne State University Press. p. 138. ISBN 9780814327470.
^Adalian, Rouben Paul (2010). Historical Dictionary of Armenia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. xlvii. ISBN 978-0-8108-7450-3.
^Hacikyan, Agop Jack; Basmajian, Gabriel; Franchuk, Edward S.; Ouzounian, Nourhan (2005). The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the eighteenth century to modern times. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 316. ISBN 9780814332214.
^Suny, Ronald Grigor (1993). Looking Toward Ararat: Armenia in Modern History. Indiana University Press. p. 59. ISBN 9780253207739.
ModernArmenian (Armenian: աշխարհաբար, ashkharhabar or ašxarhabar, literally the "secular/lay language") is the modern vernacular (vulgar) form of the...
language of the Armenian people and the official language of Armenia. Historically spoken in the Armenian highlands, today Armenian is also widely spoken...
Armenians (Armenian: հայեր, romanized: hayer, [hɑˈjɛɾ]) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia. Armenians constitute...
present for over 1,700 years. The modernArmenian diaspora was largely formed after World War I as a result of the Armenian genocide. According to Randall...
Western Armenian (Western Armenian: Արեւմտահայերէն, romanized: Arevmdahayeren [ɑɾɛvmədɑhɑjɛˈɾɛn]) is one of the two standardized forms of ModernArmenian, the...
The Armenian alphabet (Armenian: Հայոց գրեր, Hayoc’ grer or Հայոց այբուբեն, Hayoc’ aybuben) or, more broadly, the Armenian script, is an alphabetic writing...
Eastern Armenian (Armenian: Արևելահայերեն, romanized: Arevelahayeren) is one of the two standardized forms of ModernArmenian, the other being Western...
are various systems of romanization of the Armenian alphabet. In linguistic literature on Classical Armenian, the commonly used transliteration is that...
free, independent and united Armenia formulated as the Armenian Cause (Armenian: Հայ Դատ, [hɑj dɑt] or Hye Dat). Armenian national awakening developed...
The history of Armenia covers the topics related to the history of the Republic of Armenia, as well as the Armenian people, the Armenian language, and...
Polozhenie (Statute) decree allows Armenian language schools in the Russian Empire, regulates the Armenian church 1840: Armenian Oblast disintegrated 1848 April...
Armenian highlands (Armenian: Հայկական լեռնաշխարհ, romanized: Haykakan leṙnašxarh; also known as the Armenian upland, Armenian plateau, or Armenian tableland)...
Classical Armenian (Armenian: գրաբար, romanized: grabar, Eastern Armenian pronunciation [ɡəɾɑˈpʰɑɾ], Western Armenian pronunciation [kʰəɾɑˈpʰɑɾ]; meaning...
The national flag of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի դրոշ), also known as the tricolour (Armenian: Եռագույն, Yeṙaguyn), consists of three horizontal bands...
the Armenian people, but no consensus has been achieved as of yet. Genetic studies show that Armenian people are indigenous to historical Armenia, showing...
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling...
The Armenian Apostolic Church (Armenian: Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի, romanized: Hay Aṙak'elakan Yekeghetsi) is the national church of Armenia. Part of Oriental...
the free dictionary. The Armenian dram (Armenian: դրամ; sign: ֏; abbreviation: դր.; ISO code: AMD) is the currency of Armenia. It was historically subdivided...
The Armenian Quarter (Arabic: حارة الأرمن, Harat al-Arman; Hebrew: הרובע הארמני, Ha-Rova ha-Armeni; Armenian: Հայոց թաղ, Hayots t'agh) is one of the four...
romanized: parskahayer; Persian: ارامنه فارس), are Iranians of Armenian ethnicity who may speak Armenian as their first language. Estimates of their number in...
BC, an archaic form of Proto-Armenian, an Indo-European language, had diffused into Armenian Highlands. The first Armenian state of Urartu was established...
Western Armenia (Western Armenian: Արեւմտեան Հայաստան, Arevmdian Hayasdan) is a term to refer to the western parts of the Armenian highlands located within...
belong to the Armenian Apostolic faith and a minority of Armenians in Turkey belong to the Armenian Catholic Church or to the Armenian Evangelical Church...
The music of Armenia (Armenian: հայկական երաժշտություն haykakan yerazhshtut’yun) has its origins in the Armenian highlands, dating back to the 3rd millennium...
Middle Armenian (Armenian: Միջին հայերէն or կիլիկեան հայերէն), also called Cilician Armenian (although this may be confused to refer to modern dialects)...
Wilsonian Armenia (Armenian: Վիլսոնյան Հայաստան[romanization needed]) was the unimplemented boundary configuration of the First Republic of Armenia in the...
The Armenian Rite (Armenian: Հայկական պատարագ) is a liturgical rite used by both the Armenian Apostolic and the Armenian Catholic churches. Isaac of Armenia...