Global Information Lookup Global Information

Mixotrophic dinoflagellate information


Dinoflagellata
Temporal range: 250–0 Ma
PreꞒ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Triassic or earlier–Present
Illustrations of various Dinoflagellata
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
SAR
(unranked):
Alveolata
Phylum:
Dinoflagellata

Bütschli 1885 [1880-1889] sensu Gomez 2012[1][2][3]
Classes
  • Ellobiophyceae
  • Psammosea
  • Oxyrrhea
  • Pronoctilucea
  • Duboscquellea
  • Syndiniophyceae
  • Noctiluciphyceae
  • Dinophyceae
Synonyms
  • Cilioflagellata Claparède & Lachmann, 1868
  • Dinophyta Dillon, 1963
  • Dinophyceae sensu Pascher, 1914
  • Pyrrophyta Pascher 1914
  • Pyrrhophycophyta Papenfuss 1946
  • Arthrodelen Flagellaten Stein 1883
  • Dinomastigota Margulis & Sagan, 1985
  • Dinophyta Dillon, 1963

Dinoflagellates are eukaryotic plankton, existing in marine and freshwater environments. Previously, dinoflagellates had been grouped into two categories, phagotrophs and phototrophs.[4] Mixotrophs, however include a combination of phagotrophy and phototrophy.[5] Mixotrophic dinoflagellates are a sub-type of planktonic dinoflagellates and are part of the phylum Dinoflagellata.[5] They are flagellated eukaryotes that combine photoautotrophy when light is available, and heterotrophy via phagocytosis. Dinoflagellates are one of the most diverse and numerous species of phytoplankton, second to diatoms.

Dinoflagellates have long whip-like structures called flagella that allow them to move freely throughout the water column. They are mainly marine but can also be found in freshwater environments. Combinations of phototrophy and phagotrophy allow organisms to supplement their inorganic nutrient uptake[6] This means an increased trophic transfer to higher levels in food web compared to the traditional food web.[6]

Mixotrophic dinoflagellates have the ability to thrive in changing ocean environments, resulting in shifts in red tide phenomenon and paralytic shellfish poisoning.[6] It is unknown as to how many species of dinoflagellates have mixotrophic capabilities, as this is a relatively new feeding-mechanism discovery.

  1. ^ Gómez F (2012). "A checklist and classification of living dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata, Alveolata)". CICIMAR Oceánides. 27 (1): 65–140. doi:10.37543/oceanides.v27i1.111.
  2. ^ Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", PLOS ONE, 10 (4): e0119248, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMC 4418965, PMID 25923521
  3. ^ Silar, Philippe (2016), "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", HAL Archives-ouvertes: 1–462
  4. ^ Yoo, Yeong Du; Jeong, Hae Jin; Kang, Nam Seon; Song, Jae Yoon; Kim, Kwang Young; Lee, Gitack; Kim, Juhyoung (2010-03-01). "Feeding by the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Paragymnodinium shiwhaense: feeding mechanism, prey species, and effect of prey concentration". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 57 (2): 145–158. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00448.x. ISSN 1550-7408. PMID 20487129. S2CID 6312832.
  5. ^ a b Stoecker, Diane K. (1999-07-01). "Mixotrophy among Dinoflagellates1". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 46 (4): 397–401. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb04619.x. ISSN 1550-7408. S2CID 83885629.
  6. ^ a b c Mitra, A.; et al. (2014). "The role of mixotrophic protists in the biological carbon pump". Biogeosciences. 11 (4): 995–1005. doi:10.5194/bg-11-995-2014. hdl:10453/117781.

and 28 Related for: Mixotrophic dinoflagellate information

Request time (Page generated in 0.8881 seconds.)

Mixotrophic dinoflagellate

Last Update:

combination of phagotrophy and phototrophy. Mixotrophic dinoflagellates are a sub-type of planktonic dinoflagellates and are part of the phylum Dinoflagellata...

Word Count : 2021

Dinoflagellate

Last Update:

temperature, salinity, and depth. Many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with...

Word Count : 10323

Predatory dinoflagellate

Last Update:

Predatory dinoflagellates are predatory heterotrophic or mixotrophic alveolates that derive some or most of their nutrients from digesting other organisms...

Word Count : 1225

Zooplankton

Last Update:

groups include the foraminiferans, radiolarians and dinoflagellates (the last of these are often mixotrophic). Important metazoan zooplankton include cnidarians...

Word Count : 7092

Black Sea

Last Update:

heterotrophic (an organism that uses organic carbon for growth) and mixotrophic dinoflagellates species (able to exploit different trophic pathways), relative...

Word Count : 11698

Akashiwo sanguinea

Last Update:

other genera of dinoflagellates. Reproduction of the phytoplankton species is primarily asexual. Recently recognized as mixotrophic, A. sanguinea is...

Word Count : 1247

Mixotroph

Last Update:

microbes, but there are many examples of mixotrophic invertebrates and at least one example of a mixotrophic vertebrate. The spotted salamander, Ambystoma...

Word Count : 1679

Protist

Last Update:

those which contain endosymbionts (e.g. mixotrophic Rhizaria such as Foraminifera and Radiolaria, dinoflagellates like Noctiluca). Both plastidic and generalist...

Word Count : 9774

Marine protists

Last Update:

forms are parasitic. Many dinoflagellates are mixotrophic and could also be classified as phytoplankton. The toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta acquire...

Word Count : 10596

Unicellular organism

Last Update:

000 species. Dinoflagellates, unicellular flagellated algae, with some that are armored with cellulose. Dinoflagellates can be mixotrophic, and are the...

Word Count : 3362

Lepidodinium

Last Update:

Shuwen; Liu, Hongbin (2021-11-11). "Effects of temperature on a mixotrophic dinoflagellate (Lepidodinium sp.) under different nutritional strategies". Marine...

Word Count : 3451

Marine microorganisms

Last Update:

forms are parasitic. Many dinoflagellates are mixotrophic and could also be classified as phytoplankton. The toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta acquire...

Word Count : 21388

Ceratium

Last Update:

greater the impact from global warming. Dinoflagellate Cellulose Chromatophores Photosynthesis Heterotroph Mixotrophic Red tides Fish kills Gómez, F (2013)...

Word Count : 1465

Oxyrrhis marina

Last Update:

Oxyrrhis marina is a species of heterotrophic dinoflagellate with flagella that is widely distributed in the world's oceans. This protozoan species has...

Word Count : 1552

Vitrella

Last Update:

energy source) and heterotrophy (predation as energy source). Mixotrophic dinoflagellates are very common in the food web, and "Vitrella"-like organisms...

Word Count : 1019

Alveolate

Last Update:

typically contributing to a flexible pellicle (thin skin). In armored dinoflagellates they may contain stiff plates. Alveolates have mitochondria with tubular...

Word Count : 2694

Phytoplankton

Last Update:

Important groups of phytoplankton include the diatoms, cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, although many other groups are represented. Most phytoplankton are...

Word Count : 6497

Algae

Last Update:

tracheophytes (vascular plants). Most are phototrophic, although some are mixotrophic, deriving energy both from photosynthesis and uptake of organic carbon...

Word Count : 10509

Cyanobiont

Last Update:

described; these are the "cyanosponges" and "phototrophs". Cyanosponges are mixotrophic and therefore obtain energy through heterotrophic feeding as well as...

Word Count : 3696

Plankton

Last Update:

photosynthesis. Among the more important groups are the diatoms, cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, and coccolithophores. Zooplankton (from Greek zoon, or animal) are...

Word Count : 6475

Marine life

Last Update:

zooflagellates, foraminiferans, radiolarians and some dinoflagellates. Other dinoflagellates are mixotrophic and could also be classified as phytoplankton; the...

Word Count : 29027

Marine primary production

Last Update:

techniques. They found a huge range of previously unknown photosynthetic and mixotrophic algae. Among their findings were the diplonemids. These organisms are...

Word Count : 8310

Harmful algal bloom

Last Update:

unrelated to the tides. Not all red tides are produced by dinoflagellates. The mixotrophic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum produces non-toxic blooms coloured...

Word Count : 18138

Chlorarachniophyte

Last Update:

widely distributed in tropical and temperate waters. They are typically mixotrophic, ingesting bacteria and smaller protists as well as conducting photosynthesis...

Word Count : 918

Zooxanthellae

Last Update:

(/ˌzoʊəzænˈθɛliː/; sg. zooxanthella) is a colloquial term for single-celled dinoflagellates that are able to live in symbiosis with diverse marine invertebrates...

Word Count : 2742

Rapaza

Last Update:

making it the first and only example of mixotrophic euglenids. The genus was defined as including flexible mixotrophic euglenids with two unequal flagella...

Word Count : 2305

Dinophysis acuminata

Last Update:

Dinophysis acuminata is a marine plankton species of dinoflagellates that is found in coastal waters of the north Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The genus...

Word Count : 1665

Warnowia

Last Update:

genus of heterotrophic athecate, or unarmored, dinoflagellates. Some species of Warnowia are mixotrophic, so plastids (chloroplasts) may or may not be...

Word Count : 2126

PDF Search Engine © AllGlobal.net