Ming dynasty's expansion of realm and influence in Inner Asia
Ming China in 1415 during the reign of the Yongle Emperor
The Ming dynasty in Inner Asia was the expansion of the Ming dynasty's realm and influence in Inner Asia between the 14th and the 16th centuries. The Ming dynasty overthrew and succeeded the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and sought to avert further incursions by a regime originating from Inner Asia.[1] Wars were fought against the Northern Yuan, which existed as a rump state after the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368, but also against other states in Inner Asia including the Oirat Confederation and Moghulistan (and later its successor state, the Turpan Khanate). As a result, Ming China at the height incorporated Manchuria (Northeast China and Outer Manchuria), much of the regions of Inner Mongolia and Qinghai, and parts of Xinjiang into its realm, and also had some degree of influence in Tibet especially during the reign of the Yongle Emperor.
The early Ming emperors from the Hongwu Emperor to the Zhengde Emperor continued Yuan practices such as hereditary military institutions, demanding Korean and Muslim concubines and eunuchs, having Mongols serve in the Ming military, patronizing Tibetan Buddhism, with the early Ming emperors seeking to project themselves as "universal rulers" to various peoples such as Central Asian Muslims, Tibetans, and Mongols.[2][3] The Yongle Emperor cited Emperor Taizong of Tang as a model for being familiar with both China and the steppe people.[4] Even though most of the frontier regions were lost to neighbouring states by the late Ming period, Ming emperors had an influence on Tibetan Buddhism even towards the end of the dynasty.[5] Inspired by New Qing History studies, the so-called "New Ming History" studies have also emerged, which similarly attempts to draw attention to the Inner Asian characteristics of the Ming dynasty.[6]
Administrative divisions of the Ming dynasty in 1409; note that the exact nature of the Ming–Tibet relations is disputed
^"The Ming and Inner Asia". Retrieved October 3, 2023.
^Robinson, David M. "Eight The Ming Court and the Legacy of the Yuan Mongols". Culture, Courtiers and Competition: The Ming Court (1368–1644)(PDF). Harvard University Asia Center. pp. 365–411. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
^Slobodnik, Martin (2004). "The Relations Between The Chinese Ming Dynasty and the Tibetan Ruling House Of Phag-Mo-Gru in the Years 1368–1434: Political And Religious Aspects" (PDF). Asian and African Studies (13): 166. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
^Robinson, David M., Delimiting the Realm under the Ming Dynasty(PDF), p. 22, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2016, retrieved 11 July 2016
^"Paul: The "New Qing History" is not over yet, is the "New Ming History" coming?". Retrieved September 16, 2023.
^"Paul: The "New Qing History" is not over yet, is the "New Ming History" coming?". Retrieved September 16, 2023.
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