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Middle Persian information


Middle Persian
𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪 (Pārsīk or Pārsīg)
RegionSasanian Empire (224–651)
EthnicityPersians
EraEvolved into Early New Persian by the 9th century; thereafter used only by Zoroastrian priests for exegesis and religious instruction
Language family
Indo-European
  • Indo-Iranian
    • Iranian
      • Western
        • Southwestern
          • Middle Persian
Early form
Old Persian
Writing system
Pahlavi scripts, Manichaean script, Avestan alphabet, Pazend
Language codes
ISO 639-2pal
ISO 639-3Either:
pal – Zoroastrian Middle Persian ("Pahlavi")
xmn – Manichaean Middle Persian (Manichaean script)
Glottologpahl1241  Pahlavi
Linguasphere58-AAC-ca

Middle Persian or Pahlavi, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg (Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form,[1][2] is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle Persian continued to function as a prestige language.[3] It descended from Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid Empire and is the linguistic ancestor of Modern Persian, an official language of Iran, Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan (Tajik).

  1. ^ Asatrian, Mushegh (2006). "Iranian Elements in Arabic: The State of Research". Iran & the Caucasus. 10 (1): 87–106. doi:10.1163/157338406777979386.
  2. ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1986). A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary. OUP. p. 45.
  3. ^ Versteegh, K. (2001). "Linguistic Contacts between Arabic and Other Languages". Arabica. 48 (4): 470–508. doi:10.1163/157005801323163825.

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