Parthian Empire (incl. Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Arsacid dynasty of Iberia and Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania)
Region
Parthia, ancient Iran
Era
State language 248 BC – 224 AD. Marginalized by Middle Persian from the 3rd century, though longer existent in the Caucasus due to several eponymous branches
Language family
Indo-European
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
Western Iranian
Northwestern Iranian
Parthian
Writing system
Inscriptional Parthian, Manichaean script
Language codes
ISO 639-3
xpr
Linguist List
xpr
Glottolog
part1239
The Parthian language, also known as Arsacid Pahlavi and Pahlawānīg, is an extinct ancient Northwestern Iranian language once spoken in Parthia, a region situated in present-day northeastern Iran and Turkmenistan. Parthian was the language of state of the Arsacid Parthian Empire (248 BC – 224 AD), as well as of its eponymous branches of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Arsacid dynasty of Iberia, and the Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania.
Parthian had a significant impact on Armenian, a large part of whose vocabulary was formed primarily from borrowings from Parthian, and had a derivational morphology and syntax that was also affected by language contact but to a lesser extent. Many ancient Parthian words were preserved and now survive only in Armenian. The Semnani or Komisenian languages may descend from Parthian directly or be a Caspian language with Parthian influences, but the topic lacks sufficient research.[1]
The Parthianlanguage, also known as Arsacid Pahlavi and Pahlawānīg, is an extinct ancient Northwestern Iranian language once spoken in Parthia, a region...
The Parthian Empire (/ˈpɑːrθiən/), also known as the Arsacid Empire (/ˈɑːrsəsɪd/), was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient...
characters in this article correctly. Inscriptional Parthian is a script used to write the Parthianlanguage on coins of Parthia from the time of Arsaces I...
Parthia, from Old Persian Parthava, which was the Parthianlanguage self-designator signifying "of the Parthians" who were an Iranian people. In context to its...
which was the homeland of the Parthians, was Persianized under the Sasanians. Dari Persian thus supplanted Parthianlanguage, which by the end of the Sasanian...
non-Southwestern languages, rather than a genetic group. The languages are as follows: Northwest: Median†, etc. Southwest: Old Persian†, etc. Northwest: Parthian†, etc...
which were then also rendered in inscriptional Parthian. The Parthianlanguage was a Middle Iranian language of Parthia proper, a region in the north-western...
of gentilic nouns ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian), both deriving from Proto-Iranian language *arya- (meaning "Aryan", i.e. "of the Iranians")...
אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפָּן, as found in Esther 3:12. In the Parthian (language of the Arsacid Empire) and Middle Persian (the language of the Sassanian Empire), it is recorded...
not yet have a political import. The Parthianlanguage, which was used as an official language of the Parthian Empire, left influences on Persian, as...
is a former major world religion, founded in the 3rd century CE by the Parthian prophet Mani (216–274 CE), in the Sasanian Empire. Manichaeism teaches...
Iranian languages, including Parthian, Middle Persian, Sogdian, and Khwarazmian. Some variants of Aramaic are also retained as sacred languages by certain...
The language of the Parni is not directly attested but is assumed to be one of the eastern substrates of the subsequently recorded Parthianlanguage, which...
of poems in the Fahlawi or Pahlawi language, as well as the only remaining example of Parthianlanguage or Parthian dialects with a directly transmitted...
brackish' and با bā meaning 'stew, gruel, spoon-meat'. The former is from Parthian 𐫢𐫇𐫡 šōr meaning 'salty', and the latter from Middle Persian *-bāg meaning...
of the Sasanian province of Assyria and Babylonia from 226 to 637. The Parthian name Asōristān (𐭀𐭎𐭅𐭓𐭎𐭕𐭍; also spelled Asoristan, Asuristan, Asurestan...
known as Ardavan IV (Parthian:𐭓𐭕𐭐𐭍), incorrectly known in older scholarship as Artabanus V, was the last ruler of the Parthian Empire from c. 213 to...
before, Parthian became the language of the educated". With the establishment of the Sassanids, Middle Persian, a closely related language to Parthian, became...
third-century BCE Parthian Empire, whose government used Koine Greek but whose native language was Parthian, the Parthianlanguage and the Aramaic-derived...
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