Hispanos (Californios, Neomexicanos, Tejanos, Floridanos), Chicanos, Afro-Mexicans, Indigenous Mexican Americans, Native Americans in the United States, Hispanic and Latino Americans
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Mexican Americans (Spanish: mexicano-estadounidenses, mexico-americanos, or estadounidenses de origen mexicano) are Americans of Mexican heritage.[12] In 2022, Mexican Americans comprised 11.2% of the US population and 58.9% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans.[3] In 2019, 71% of Mexican Americans were born in the United States;[13] they make up 53% of the total population of foreign-born Hispanic Americans and 25% of the total foreign-born population.[14]Chicano is a term used by some to describe the unique identity held by Mexican-Americans. The United States is home to the second-largest Mexican community in the world (24% of the entire Mexican-origin population of the world), behind only Mexico.[15] Most Mexican Americans reside in the Southwest, with over 60% of Mexican Americans living in the states of California and Texas.[16][17][18][19][20][21]
Most Mexican Americans have varying degrees of Indigenous and European ancestry, with the latter being mostly Spanish origins.[22] Those of indigenous ancestry descend from one or more of the over 60 Indigenous groups in Mexico (approximately 200,000 people in California alone).[23] It is estimated that approximately 10% of the current Mexican American population are descended from early Mexican residents such as New Mexican Hispanos, Tejanos and Californios, who became US citizens in 1848 through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican–American War. Mexicans living in the United States after the treaty was signed were forced to choose between keeping their Mexican citizenship or becoming a US citizen. Few chose to leave their homes in the States.[1] The majority of these Hispanophone populations eventually adopted English as their first language and became Americanized.[24] Also called Hispanos, these descendants of independent Mexico from the early-to-middle 19th century differentiate themselves culturally from the population of Mexican Americans whose ancestors arrived in the American Southwest after the Mexican Revolution.[25][26]
The number of Mexican immigrants in the United States has sharply risen in recent decades.[27]
^ abGarcía, Justin (2013). "Mexican Americans". Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia. doi:10.4135/9781452276274.n570. ISBN 9781452216836. S2CID 153137775.
^"B05006 PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
^ abc"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2022.
^Frazier, John W.; Tettey-Fio, Eugene L.; Henry, Norah F. (29 December 2016). Race, Ethnicity, and Place in a Changing America, Third Edition. SUNY Press. p. 53. ISBN 9781438463292.
^Newby, Rick (2004). The Rocky Mountain Region. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 334. ISBN 9780313328176.
^Gutiérrez, Verónica F.; Wallace, Steven P.; Castañeda, Xóchitl (October 2004). "Demographic Profile of Mexican Immigrants in the United States". UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.
^Cohen, Saul Bernard (25 November 2014). Geopolitics: The Geography of International Relations. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 137. ISBN 9781442223516.
^Zong, Jie; Batalova, Jeanne (October 5, 2018). "Mexican Immigrants in the United States". Migration Policy Institute.
^Montero-Sieburth, Martha; Meléndez, Edwin (2007). Latinos in a Changing Society. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 59. ISBN 9780275962333.
^Donoso, Juan Carlos. On religion, Mexicans are more Catholic and often more traditional than Mexican Americans.
^Among U.S. Latinos, Catholicism Continues to Decline but is Still the Largest Faith. 13 April 2023.
^"Mexican american". Dictionary.com. a citizen or resident of the U.S. of Mexican birth or descent; Chicano
^"B05006 PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES – 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
^Cite error: The named reference invsn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Table 4. Top Five States for Detailed Hispanic or Latino Origin Groups With a Population Size of One Million or More in the United States: 2010" (PDF). The Hispanic Population 2010. US Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
^"Gale – Product Login".
^Gallardo, Miguel E. "Chicano". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
^Montoya, Maceo (2016). Chicano Movement For Beginners. For Beginners. pp. 3–5. ISBN 9781939994646.
^Borunda, Rose; Martinez, Lorena Magdalena (September 2020). "Strategies for Defusing Contemporary Weapons in the Ongoing War Against Xicanx Children and Youth". Contemporary School Psychology. 24 (3): 266–278. doi:10.1007/s40688-020-00312-x. S2CID 225409343.
^Zepeda, Susy (15 March 2020). "Decolonizing Xicana/x Studies: Healing the Susto of De-indigenization". Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies. 45 (1): 225–242. doi:10.1525/azt.2020.45.1.225. S2CID 267016181.
^"TSHA | Mexican Americans".
^Cengel, Katya (June 25, 2013). "The Other Mexicans". National Geographic. Archived from the original on July 10, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
^Mexican Americans – MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on June 19, 2009.
^"Contested Landscapes". Archived from the original on 30 April 2008.
^"김프로의 건강 관리법 – 건강과 웰빙에 대한 블로그". 19 February 2024. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007.
^Borjas, George; Katz, Lawrence (April 2005). The Evolution of the Mexican-Born Workforce in the United States (Report). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. doi:10.3386/w11281.
2022, MexicanAmericans comprised 11.2% of the US population and 58.9% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans. In 2019, 71% of MexicanAmericans were born...
Indigenous MexicanAmericans or MexicanAmerican Indians are American citizens who are descended from the indigenous peoples of Mexico. Indigenous Mexican-Americans...
wealthy landowners, with both Mexicans and MexicanAmericans (as well as a few Anglo Americans who had married into Mexican families). The military response...
Hispanic and Latino Americans portal India portal Mexico portal Pakistan portal Punjab portal Indian immigration to Mexico Asian Latin Americans Karen Leonard...
New York, the Mexican ambassador in Washington, the Mexican government itself, MexicanAmericans, and the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)...
(feminine form) is an ethnic identity for MexicanAmericans who have a non-Anglo self-image, embracing their Mexican Native ancestry. Chicano was originally...
MexicanAmericans are residents of the United States who are of Mexican descent. The list includes Mexican immigrants and those who lived in the southwestern...
after the Mexican–American War and later Mexican Revolution. They also differ genetically in their indigenous heritage, as MexicanAmericans tend to be...
MexicanAmericans have lived in Los Angeles since the original Pobladores, the 44 original settlers and 4 soldiers who founded the city in 1781. People...
AmericanMexicans (Spanish: estadounidense-mexicanos) are Mexicans of full or partial Americans heritage, who are either born in, or descended from migrants...
of Mexico (Spanish: gente indígena de México, pueblos indígenas de México), Native Mexicans (Spanish: nativos mexicanos) or Mexican Native Americans (Spanish:...
Hispanic and Latino Americans (Spanish: Estadounidenses hispanos y latinos; Portuguese: Estadunidenses hispânicos e latinos) are Americans of Spanish and/or...
The Mexican Repatriation is the common name given to the repatriation, deportation, and expulsion of Mexicans and MexicanAmericans from the United States...
of the Mexican Army who fought against the United States in the Mexican–American War. During the American Civil War he served in the New Mexico Militia...
The MexicanAmerican Political Association (MAPA) is an organization based in California that promotes the interests of Mexican-Americans, Mexicans, Latinos...
White Americans (also referred to as European Americans) are Americans who identify as white people. This group constitutes the majority of the people...
to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living...
larger Mexican diaspora can also include individuals that trace ancestry to Mexico and self-identify as Mexican but are not necessarily Mexican by citizenship...
During Mexican rule, California was sparsely populated, with only a few thousand Mexican residents, compared to tens of thousands of Native Americans, and...
significant populations of MexicanAmericans, Mexican immigrants, and Mexican citizen expatriates. Houston residents of Mexican origin make up the oldest...
Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry (including naturalized Americans who are immigrants from specific regions in Asia and descendants of those...
modern Mexican history" and resulted in the destruction of the Federal Army, its replacement by a revolutionary army, and the transformation of Mexican culture...