Global InformationHispanic and Latino Americans information
 Proportion of Hispanic and Latino Americans in each county of the fifty states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico as of the 2020 United States Census | |
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 65,329,087 (2020)19.5% of the total US and Puerto Rico population (2020) 62,080,044 (2020)[1]18.7% of the total US population (2020)[1] | |
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Hispanic and Latino Americans (Spanish: Estadounidenses hispanos y latinos; Portuguese: Estadunidenses hispânicos e latinos) are Americans of Spanish and/or Latin American ancestry.[3][5][6][7] These demographics include all Americans who identify as Hispanic or Latino regardless of ancestry.[8][9][10][11][12] As of 2020, the Census Bureau estimated that there were almost 65.3 million Hispanics and Latinos living in the United States and its territories.[1]
"Origin" can be viewed as the ancestry, nationality group, lineage or country of birth of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States of America. People who identify as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race, because similar to what occurred during the colonization and post-independence of the United States, Latin American countries had their populations made up of descendants of white European colonizers (in this case Portuguese and Spaniards), Native peoples of the Americas, descendants of African slaves, post-independence immigrants coming from Europe, Middle East and East Asia, as well as descendants of multiracial unions between these different ethnic groups.[13][14][15][16] As one of the only two specifically designated categories of ethnicity in the United States, Hispanics and Latinos form a pan-ethnicity incorporating a diversity of inter-related cultural and linguistic heritages, the use of the Spanish and Portuguese languages being the most important of all. Most Hispanic and Latino Americans are of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Salvadoran, Dominican, Colombian, Guatemalan, Honduran, Ecuadorian, Peruvian, Venezuelan or Nicaraguan origin. The predominant origin of regional Hispanic and Latino populations varies widely in different locations across the country.[14][17][18][19][20] In 2012, Hispanic Americans were the second fastest-growing ethnic group by percentage growth in the United States after Asian Americans.[21]
Multiracial Hispanics (Mestizo) of Indigenous descent and Spanish descent are the second oldest ethnic groups (after the Native Americans) to inhabit much of what is today the United States.[22][23][24][25] Spain colonized large areas of what is today the American Southwest and West Coast, as well as Florida. Its holdings included present-day California, Texas, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and Florida, all of which constituted part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City. Later, this vast territory became part of Mexico after its independence from Spain in 1821 and until the end of the Mexican–American War in 1848. Hispanic immigrants to the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area derive from a broad spectrum of Hispanic countries.[26]
- ^ a b c "Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census". U.S. Census Bureau. August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ Krogstad, Jens M.; Alvarado, Joshua & Mohamed, Besheer (April 13, 2023). "Among U.S. Latinos, Catholicism Continues to Decline But Is Still the Largest Faith". Pew Research Center. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Krogstad, Jens M.; Passel, Jeffrey S.; Lopez, Mark H. (September 23, 2021). "Who is Hispanic?". Pew Research Center. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
- ^ "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010" (PDF). U.S Census Bureau. March 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 29, 2011. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
- ^ Fraga, Luis & Garcia, John A. (2010). Latino Lives in America: Making It Home. Temple University Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-4399-0050-5.
- ^ Fisher, Nancy L. (1996). Cultural and Ethnic Diversity: A Guide for Genetics Professionals. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-8018-5346-3.
- ^ Holden, Robert H. & Villars, Rina (2012). Contemporary Latin America: 1970 to the Present. John Wiley & Sons. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-118-27487-3.
- ^ "49 CFR Part 26". Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
'Hispanic Americans,' which includes Spanish, other European or Middle Eastern-descended persons of Mexican-, Puerto Rican-, Cuban, Dominican-, Central or South American.
- ^ "US Small Business Administration 8(a) Program Standard Operating Procedure" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 25, 2006. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
SBA has defined 'Hispanic American' as an individual whose ancestry and culture are rooted in South America, Central America, Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic and Mexico.
- ^ Humes, Karen R.; Jones, Nicholas A.; Ramirez, Roberto R. "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 29, 2011. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
"Hispanic or Latino" refers to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race.
- ^ "American FactFinder Help: Hispanic or Latino origin". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
- ^ Lopez, Mark Hugo; Krogstad, Jens M. & Passel, Jeffrey S. (November 11, 2019). "Who Is Hispanic?". Pew Research Center.
- ^ Office of Management and Budget. "Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. Federal Register Notice October 30, 1997". White House Archives. Archived from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2012 – via National Archives.
- ^ a b Grieco, Elizabeth M. & Cassidy, Rachel C. "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
- ^ "B03001. Hispanic or Latino origin by specific origin". 2009 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ "CIA World Factbook – Field Listing: Ethnic groups". Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
- ^ "T4-2007. Hispanic or Latino By Race". 2007 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau.
- ^ "B03002. Hispanic or Latino origin by race". 2007 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau.
- ^ Tafoya, Sonya (December 6, 2004). "Shades of Belonging" (PDF). Pew Hispanic Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
- ^ Maciel, David (February 26, 2000). The Contested Homeland: A Chicano History of New Mexico. UNM Press. ISBN 978-0-826321992 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Hispanics Were Not The Fastest-Growing Minority Group Last Year". MarketingCharts. July 23, 2013. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
- ^ "Oldest U.S. City". Infoplease.com. Retrieved November 21, 2008.
- ^ The Encyclopedia Americana. Encyclopedia Americana Corp. 1919. p. 151.
- ^ "Chronology of Mexican American History". University of Houston. Archived from the original on January 21, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2008.
- ^ "Cuartocentennial of Colonization of New Mexico". New Mexico State University. Archived from the original on November 15, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2008.
- ^ "Supplemental Table 2. Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2014". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved July 3, 2017.