Metabolic water refers to water created inside a living organism through metabolism, by oxidizing energy-containing substances in food and adipose tissue. Animal metabolism produces about 107–110 grams of water per 100 grams of fat,[1] 41–42 grams of water per 100 g of protein, and 60 grams of water per 100 g of carbohydrate.[2][1][3]
Some organisms, especially xerocoles — animals living in the desert — rely exclusively on metabolic water. Migratory birds must rely exclusively on metabolic water production while making non-stop flights, facilitated by the high metabolic rate during such flights.[4][5] Humans, by contrast, obtain only about 8–10% of their water needs through metabolic water production.[6]
In mammals, the water produced from metabolism of protein roughly equals the amount needed to excrete the urea which is a byproduct of the metabolism of protein.[6] Birds, however, excrete uric acid and can have a net gain of water from the metabolism of protein.
^ abMellanby, Kenneth (July 1942). "Metabolic Water and Desiccation". Nature. 150 (3792): 21. Bibcode:1942Natur.150...21M. doi:10.1038/150021a0. S2CID 4089414.
^Morrison, S. D. (1953-11-28). "A method for the calculation of metabolic water". The Journal of Physiology. 122 (2): 399–402. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1953.sp005009. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 1366125. PMID 13118549.
^Medicine, Institute of; Board, Food Nutrition; Intakes, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference; Water, Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and (2005). 4 Water | Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate | The National Academies Press. p. 85. doi:10.17226/10925. ISBN 978-0-309-09169-5.
^"Racing the wind. Water economy and energy expenditure in avian endurance flight". Archived from the original on 2008-06-29. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
^Klaassen M (1996). "Metabolic constraints on long-distance migration in birds". J Exp Biol. 199 (Pt 1): 57–64. doi:10.1242/jeb.199.1.57. PMID 9317335.
^ abBoard on Agriculture and Natural Resources (BANR), Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates: Second Revised Edition (2003), p. 144. [1]
Metabolicwater refers to water created inside a living organism through metabolism, by oxidizing energy-containing substances in food and adipose tissue...
lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the elimination of metabolic wastes. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce...
includes nitrogen compounds, water, CO2, phosphates, sulphates, etc. Animals treat these compounds as excretes. Plants have metabolic pathways which transforms...
were restricted to the no food or water condition, the metabolicwater production was only 0.5 L·d−1, while total water lost to urine, feces, and evaporation...
A metabolic disorder is a disorder that negatively alters the body's processing and distribution of macronutrients, such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates...
Metabolic acidosis is a serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body's acid-base balance. Metabolic acidosis has three main...
drinking water. The kangaroo rat for example makes use of this water of metabolism and conserves water both by having a low basal metabolic rate and by...
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. It is reported in energy units per unit time...
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Metabolic alkalosis is a metabolic condition in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45). This is the result of decreased...
This process of removal of metabolic waste from the body is known as excretion. Green plants excrete carbon dioxide and water as respiratory products. In...
depend on water. Water is vital both as a solvent in which many of the body's solutes dissolve and as an essential part of many metabolic processes within...
hexagonal shape that supposedly enhances nutrient absorption, removes metabolic wastes, and enhances cellular communication, among other things. The scam...
to measure the average daily metabolic rate of an organism over a period of time (often also called the Field metabolic rate, or FMR, in non-human animals)...
diuretics are hypovolemia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and hyperuricemia. A common application of diuretics...
Metabolic rift is a theory of ecological crisis tendencies under the capitalist mode of production that sociologist John Bellamy Foster ascribes to Karl...
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additional metabolic heat output, and after a short period, a swimmer will lose heat more quickly than a person remaining still relative to the water. In practice...
A basic metabolic panel (BMP) is a blood test consisting of a set of seven or eight biochemical tests and is one of the most common lab tests ordered...
Scientology's and Narconon's Purification Rundown, water fasting, and metabolic therapy. Organisms involved in water purification Toxification "detoxification...
colobus monkeys of the Old World and some Macropodidae. Adept metabolicwater, acquiring water by fat combustion in xerocole desert animal and others came...
In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. The reactants, products, and intermediates of an...
well as heavy oxygen 18O, are routinely used in human metabolic experiments. (See doubly labeled water testing.) Since one in about every 6,400 hydrogen atoms...
bushes, and lichens. They are able to obtain all their metabolicwater from food, but if liquid water is available, they drink and wallow in it. Barbary sheep...
bacteria, plants and animals for purposes of buoyancy, as source of metabolicwater and energy, biosonar lenses (marine mammals) and for thermal insulation...
with a detectable variation in neutron count) through chemical reaction, metabolic pathway, or a biological cell. The reactant is 'labeled' by replacing...
atmosphere limiting metabolic processes, photosynthesis, and growth. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots...
endosmosis of water continues until the water potential both in the root and soil becomes equal. It is the absorption of minerals that utilise metabolic energy...
41 US fl oz) of water per day. The zebra finch also extracts water from seeds, and can get water from metabolising its food. This metabolicwater consumption...
lack of total body water, with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processes. It occurs when free water loss exceeds free water intake, usually due...
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