A postcard of the Lauderdale County Courthouse, where Moore arranged a meeting encouraging freedmen in self-defense
Date
March 1871
Location
Meridian, Mississippi
Caused by
Racial polarizing trial
Methods
Shootings, Lynchings
Resulted in
Various killings
v
t
e
Conflicts of the Reconstruction era
Memphis riots of 1866
New Orleans massacre of 1866
Pulaski riot (1868)
Opelousas massacre (1868)
Barber–Mizell feud
Lowry War
Kirk–Holden war (1870)
Meridian race riot of 1871
Colfax massacre
Brooks–Baxter War
Battle of Liberty Place
Vicksburg massacre (1874–1875)
South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876
Hamburg massacre
Location of Meridian in Lauderdale County
The Meridian race riot of 1871 was a race riot in Meridian, Mississippi in March 1871. It followed the arrest of freedmen accused of inciting riot in a downtown fire, and blacks' organizing for self-defense. Although the local Ku Klux Klan (KKK) chapter had attacked freedmen since the end of the Civil War, generally without punishment, the first local arrest under the 1870 act to suppress the Klan was of a freedman. This angered the black community. During the trial of black leaders, the presiding judge was shot in the courtroom, and a gunfight erupted that killed several people. In the ensuing mob violence, whites killed as many as 30 blacks over the next few days. Democrats drove the Republican mayor from office, and no person was charged or tried in the freedmen's deaths.
The Meridian riot was related to widespread postwar violence by whites to drive Reconstruction Republicans from office and restore white supremacy. Although the Enforcement Acts helped suppress the Klan at this time, the Meridian riot marked a turning point in Mississippi violence. By 1875 other white paramilitary groups arose; the Red Shirts suppressed black voting by intimidation, and their efforts led to a Democratic Party victory in state elections. Within two years a national political compromise was reached, and the federal government withdrew its military forces from the South in 1877.
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