Recent (7.6kya) deposit of volcanic ash in North America
Mazama Ash
Stratigraphic range: Holocene
Type
Member[1]
Unit of
Mount Mazama Formation[2]
Sub-units
Tsoyawata Bed, Mazama Bed[2]
Location
Region
Northern North America
Country
United States, Canada, Greenland
Type section
Named for
Mount Mazama
Named by
B.N. Moore, 1934.[3]
The Mazama Ash (formally named the Mazama Member in some areas)[1] is an extensive, geologically recent deposit of volcanic ash that is present throughout much of northern North America. The ash was ejected from Mount Mazama, a volcano in south-central Oregon, during its climactic eruption about 7640 ± 20[4] years ago when Crater Lake was formed by caldera collapse. The ash spread primarily to the north and east due to the prevailing winds, and remnants of the ash have been identified as far northeast as the Greenland ice sheet.[5]
Because it was deposited throughout a wide area at a known time, the Mazama Ash is an important marker bed for paleoclimatology, paleoecology, and archaeology, as well as for Quaternary geology and stratigraphic correlation.[6][7][8]
The ash particles and gasses from the Mazama eruption would have caused climate cooling for a period of several years after the eruption.[5] Throughout the northern Great Plains, the ash would have darkened the sky and a layer of ash at least several centimeters thick would have blanketed much of the landscape, causing severe disruptions for the native people and wildlife.[7][9]
^ abJonathan Ogden Davis (1978), Quaternary tephrochronology of the Lake Lahontan area, Nevada and California, ASIN B0006WYF4O, Wikidata Q63856078
^Moore, B.N. 1934. Deposits of possible Nuee ardente origin in the Crater Lake region, Oregon. Journal of Geology, vol. 42, p. 353-375.
^Egan, Joanne; Staff, Richard; Blackford, Jeff (2015-03-25). "A high-precision age estimate of the Holocene Plinian eruption of Mount Mazama, Oregon, USA". The Holocene. 25 (7): 1054–1067. doi:10.1177/0959683615576230. ISSN 0959-6836.
^ abZdanowicz, C.M., Zielinski, G.A. and Germani, M.S. 1999. Mount Mazama eruption: Calendrical age verified and atmospheric impact assessed. Geology, vol. 27, no. 7, p. 621-624.
^Spano, N.G., Lane, C.S., Francis, S.W. and Johnson, T.C. 2017. Discovery of Mount Mazama cryptotephra in Lake Superior (North America): Implications and potential applications. Geology, vol. 45, p. 1071-1074.
^ abOetelaar, G.A. and Beaudoin, A. 2005. Darkened skies and sparkling grasses: The potential impact of the Mazama ash fall on the northwestern Plains. Plains Anthropologist, vol. 50, no. 195, p. 285-305.
^Cite error: The named reference White was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Beaudoin, A. and Oetelaar, G.A. 2014. Investigating the environmental impacts and cultural responses to the Mazama ashfall on the northern Plains. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, vol. 46, no. 6, p. 460.
The MazamaAsh (formally named the Mazama Member in some areas) is an extensive, geologically recent deposit of volcanic ash that is present throughout...
Mount Mazama (Tum-sum-ne in the Native American language Klamath) is a complex volcano in the western U.S. state of Oregon, in a segment of the Cascade...
horizons. The MazamaAsh, a layer of white volcanic ash a few centimetres thick, can be seen within these sediments in a few places. The MazamaAsh was produced...
eruption of Mount Mazama was a large catastrophic eruption in the U.S. state of Oregon. It began with a large eruption column with pumice and ash that erupted...
It overlaps the Mount St. Helens Yn Ash and the MazamaAsh which were erupted from Mount St. Helens and Mount Mazama about 3,400 and 6,800 years ago. Even...
well-drained, frigid soils are derived from MazamaAsh, which was produced by the catastrophic eruption of Mount Mazama about 6,845 years ago, and support nearly...
(February 2016). "Evidence of cultural responses to the impact of the Mazamaash fall from deeply stratified archaeological sites in southern Alberta,...
The eruptive period that decapitated Mazama also laid waste to much of the greater Crater Lake area and deposited ash as far east as the northwest corner...
8,000 years ago, and is entirely covered with MazamaAsh from the catastrophic eruption of Mount Mazama about 6,845 years ago. There is no geothermal...
and Preserve) (Alaska) Cochetopa Caldera (Colorado) Crater Lake on Mount Mazama (Crater Lake National Park, Oregon) Mount Katmai (Alaska) Kīlauea (Hawaii)...
have occurred in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, nearly twice the size of the Mazamaash. From 600,000 to 400,000 years ago, eruptions built a large conical stratovolcano...
Fort Rock Cave, Oregon, US, in 1938. They had been preserved under the MazamaAsh deposited c. 5025 BC during the volcanic eruption that formed Crater Lake...
to before the eruption of Mount Mazama. Archaeologists have found sandals and other artifacts buried under layers of ash, dust, and pumice that antedate...
Samantha L.; Rust, Alison C. (6 February 2020). "Sources of uncertainty in the Mazama isopachs and the implications for interpreting distal tephra deposits from...
eruption of Mount Mazama deposits volcanic ash over much of present-day western Canada. Archaeologists use the layer of Mazamaash to date sites. 6,000...
the 3,400-year-old Yn Ash from Mount St. Helens and the 6,800-year-old MazamaAsh from the catastrophic collapse of Mount Mazama. After this took place...
ridges. Soils in the Badlands were largely formed from ash associated with the eruption of Mount Mazama some 7,700 years ago. It is the northwesternmost part...
deposition of MazamaAsh, yielding lava flows with rugged surfaces, unlike the more ancient, glaciated lava deposits that preceded them. Ash from these eruptions...
600 years B.P. for deposits from source vents, making them younger than MazamaAsh deposits. Cinder cones near Inaccessible Cone have been nearly buried...
and exposed Pliocene-era lava. Additionally, there is pumice and ash from Mount Mazama (deposited by the explosion forming Crater Lake about 7600 years...
Valley Caldera (California, United States) Mount Marapi (Indonesia) Mount Mazama (Oregon, United States) McDonald Islands (Indian Ocean, Australia) Mount...
shifts. The eastern White River Ash is better studied and was larger. Its intensity was intermediate between the Mount Mazama eruption and the 1883 eruption...
been largely destroyed by violent volcanic explosions, similarly to Mount Mazama. In his 1948 book The Ancient Volcanoes of Oregon, volcanologist Howel Williams...
Paranilla Ash in the Calchaquí Valleys. A cataclysmic volcanic eruption occurred c. 5700 BC in Oregon when 12,000-foot (3,700 m) high Mount Mazama created...
is certainly older than the formation of Crater Lake as ash from the eruption of Mount Mazama overlays the Devils Garden lava flows. Four Craters Lava...
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