This article is about the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom. For other uses, see Mataram.
Mataram Kingdom
716–1016
The Mataram Kingdom during the Central Java and Eastern Java periods
Capital
Mamratipura Poh Pitu Tamwlang Watugaluh
Common languages
Old Javanese, Sanskrit
Religion
Hinduism, Buddhism, Animism
Government
Monarchy
Maharaja
• 716–746 (first)
Sanjaya
• 985–1016 (last)
Dharmawangsa
Historical era
Medieval Southeast Asia
• Sanjaya ascends the throne (Sanjayawarsa)[1]
716
• Dharmawangsa defeat to Wurawari and Srivijaya
1016
Currency
Masa and Tahil (native gold and silver coins)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kalingga
Kahuripan
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The Mataram Kingdom (/mɑːtɑːrɑːm/,[2] Javanese: ꦩꦠꦫꦩ꧀, Javanese pronunciation:[mətaram]); also known as Medang Kingdom was a Javanese Hindu–Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 11th centuries. It was based in Central Java, and later in East Java. Established by King Sanjaya, the kingdom was ruled by the Shailendra dynasty and Ishana dynasty.
During most of its history the kingdom seems to have relied heavily on agriculture, especially extensive rice farming, and later also benefited from maritime trade. According to foreign sources and archaeological findings, the kingdom seems to have been well populated and quite prosperous. The kingdom developed a complex society,[3] had a well developed culture, and achieved a degree of sophistication and refined civilisation.
In the period between the late 8th century and the mid-9th century, the kingdom saw the blossoming of classical Javanese art and architecture reflected in the rapid growth of temple construction. Temples dotted the landscape of its heartland in Mataram. The most notable of the temples constructed in Mataram are Kalasan, Sewu, Borobudur and Prambanan, all quite close to the present-day city of Yogyakarta.[4] At its peak, the kingdom had become a dominant empire that exercised its power—not only in Java, but also in Sumatra, Bali, southern Thailand, Indianized kingdoms of the Philippines, and the Khmer in Cambodia.[5][6][7]
Later the dynasty divided into two kingdoms identified by religious patronage—the Buddhist and Shaivite dynasties. Civil war followed. The outcome was that the Mataram kingdom was divided into two powerful kingdoms; the Shaivite dynasty of Mataram kingdom in Java led by Rakai Pikatan and the Buddhist dynasty of Srivijaya kingdom in Sumatra led by Balaputradewa. Hostility between them did not end until 1016 when the Shailendra clan based in Srivijaya incited a rebellion by Wurawari, a vassal of the Mataram kingdom, and sacked the capital of Watugaluh in East Java. Srivijaya rose to become the undisputed hegemonic empire in the region. The Shaivite dynasty survived, reclaimed east Java in 1019, and then established the Kahuripan kingdom led by Airlangga, son of Udayana of Bali.[citation needed]
^Boechari (2012). "Kerajaan Matarām Sebagaimana Terbayang dari Data Prasasti". Melacak Sejarah Kuno Indonesia Lewat Prasasti, Kumpulan Tulisan Boechari. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. pp. 183–196. ISBN 978-979-91-0520-2.
^"Mataram | Define Mātaram at Sanskrit Dictionary". sanskritdictionary.org. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
^Rahardjo, Supratikno (2002). Peradaban Jawa, Dinamika Pranata Politik, Agama, dan Ekonomi Jawa Kuno (in Indonesian). Komuntas Bambu, Jakarta. p. 35. ISBN 979-96201-1-2.
^Media, Kompas Cyber (18 February 2012). "Kisah Mataram di Poros Kedu-Prambanan - Kompas.com". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 8 September 2018.
^Laguna Copperplate Inscription
^Ligor inscription
^Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella, ed. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
The MataramKingdom (/mɑːtɑːrɑːm/, Javanese: ꦩꦠꦫꦩ꧀, Javanese pronunciation: [mətaram]); also known as Medang Kingdom was a Javanese Hindu–Buddhist kingdom...
Look up mataram in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Mataram may refer to: MataramKingdom (716–1016), a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in Java Mataram Sultanate...
The Sultanate of Mataram (/məˈtɑːrəm/) was the last major independent Javanese kingdom on the island of Java before it was colonised by the Dutch. It...
the king of Sunda Kingdom and Galuh Kingdom, and also the founder of MataramKingdom.[citation needed] Between 742 and 755, the kingdom had moved further...
Kotagede, on which they founded their base for the future capital of MataramKingdom. Legend says King Hadiwijaya was so fond of Sutawijaya, that he adopted...
'conquest, victory, triumphant'; 716 AD – 746) was the founder of the MataramKingdom during the 8th century. His name was carved in the Sanskrit Canggal...
the history of the Bali Kingdom was often intertwined with and heavily influenced by its Javanese counterparts, from Mataram (c. 9th century) to the Majapahit...
traditionally known as "Mataram" became the capital of the Medang Kingdom, identified as Mdang i Bhumi Mataram established by King Sanjaya of Mataram. The inscription...
Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms saw the establishment of the Hindu Kshatriya caste. Bas reliefs on Javanese temples dating back to the MataramKingdom, particularly...
22.5 km2. In 1719–1727, the MataramKingdom was led by Amangkurat IV, so Blora was under Amangkurat IV's rule. When Mataram was under the administration...
and Airlangga was the only raja of the kingdom, which was built out of the rubble of the Kingdom of Mataram after the Srivijaya invasion. Airlangga later...
Srivijaya naval kingdom flourished, bringing Hindu and Buddhist influences with it. The agricultural Buddhist Sailendra and Hindu Mataram dynasties subsequently...
romanized: Sultan Agung Adi Prabu Anyakrakusuma) was the third Sultan of Mataram in Central Java ruling from 1613 to 1645. He was a skilled soldier who...
(died in Jenar (now Purwodadi, Purworejo), 1601), was the founder of the Mataram Sultanate. Born Danang Sutawijaya, known as Dananjaya, he was the son of...
760. Kanjuruhan Kingdom power is estimated to not last long. The kingdom was finally under the rule of Mataram (Ancient MataramKingdom) during the leadership...
death of Dharmawangsa and the fall of the Mataram capital, Srivijaya contributed to the collapse of Mataramkingdom, leaving Eastern Java in further unrest...
celebrate the king's divine rule on earth.[citation needed] In the Mataramkingdom, it was customary to erect a candi (temple) to honor the soul of a...
for a nation or a kingdom was recorded by Yijing. The East Javanese Anjukladang inscription, dated from 937 CE in MataramKingdom, stated that the Sima...
other Hindu-Buddhist Kingdoms that influenced this region is Galuh Kingdom, MataramKingdom, Kediri Kingdom, Singhasari Kingdom and Majapahit Empire....
Dharmawangsa's court of Mataram. This has led to suggestions that the Sunda Kingdom at this time probably was under the influence of Mataram, or probably Jayabupati...
appeared to be the ruling family of the MataramKingdom of Central Java, and for some period, the Srivijaya Kingdom in Sumatra. The inscriptions created...
'conquest, victory, triumphant') was a Javanese dynasty which ruled the MataramKingdom in Java during the first millennium CE. The dynasty promoted Hinduism...
dating from around 840 CE and issued by Maharaja Sri Lokapala from the MataramKingdom in Central Java, mention three sorts of performers: atapukan (lit. 'mask...
spiritualism since the earlier era, from the 9th century MataramKingdom, Kahuripan, Kadiri, to Singhasari kingdom. It seems that both Hinduism and Buddhism are...
MataramKingdom in Kewu Plain is devastated, probably by the massive eruption of Mount Merapi. 929: Mpu Sindok moves the seat of power of the Mataram...
who ruled the Kingdom of Mataram from Central Java, reigned from around 928 or 929 AD. Sindok moved the seat of power of the Mataramkingdom from Central...
The Ishana dynasty, rulers of the Kingdom of Mataram, was a dynasty of the Hindu MataramKingdom on the island of Java. Ishana (Sanskrit: ईशान, IAST: Īśāna...
renowned since during his period, the kingdom faced a dire crisis; the naval invasion of Javanese MataramKingdom. He was the nemesis of King Dharmawangsa...
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