The Mari Lwyd (Welsh: Y Fari Lwyd,[1][əˈvaːriˈlʊi̯d]ⓘ) is a wassailing folk custom found in South Wales. The tradition entails the use of an eponymous hobby horse which is made from a horse's skull mounted on a pole and carried by an individual hidden under a sheet.
The custom was first recorded in 1800, with subsequent accounts of it being produced into the early twentieth century. According to these, the Mari Lwyd was a tradition performed at Christmas time by groups of men who would accompany the horse on its travels around the local area, and although the makeup of such groups varied, they typically included an individual to carry the horse, a leader, and individuals dressed as stock characters such as Punch and Judy. The men would carry the Mari Lwyd to local houses, where they would request entry through song. The householders would be expected to deny them entry, again through song, and the two sides would continue their responses to one another in this manner. If the householders eventually relented, the team would be permitted entry and given food and drink.
Although the custom was given various names, it was best known as the Mari Lwyd; the etymology of this term remains the subject of academic debate. The folklorist Iorwerth C. Peate believed that the term meant "Holy Mary" and thus was a reference to Mary, mother of Jesus, while the folklorist E. C. Cawte thought it more likely that the term had originally meant "Grey Mare", referring to the heads' equine appearance. Several earlier folklorists to examine the topic, such as Peate and Ellen Ettlinger, believed that the tradition had once been a pre-Christian religious rite, although scholarly support for this interpretation has declined amid a lack of supporting evidence. The absence of late medieval references to such practices and the geographic dispersal of the various British hooded animal traditions—among them the Hoodening of Kent, the Broad of the Cotswolds, and the Old Ball, Old Tup, and Old Horse of northern England—have led to suggestions that they derive from the regionalised popularisation of the sixteenth and seventeenth-century fashion for hobby horses among the social elite.
Although the tradition declined in the early to mid-twentieth century, partly due to opposition from some local Christian clergy and changing social conditions, it was revived in new forms in the mid-to-latter part of the century. The tradition has also inspired various artistic depictions, appearing, for instance, in the work of the painter Clive Hicks-Jenkins and the poet Vernon Watkins.
^Gwyndaf, Robin (1996). Welsh Folk Tales: Chwedlau Gwerin Cymru. National Museums and Galleries of Wales. p. 99. ISBN 9780720003260.
The MariLwyd (Welsh: Y Fari Lwyd, [ə ˈvaːri ˈlʊi̯d] ) is a wassailing folk custom found in South Wales. The tradition entails the use of an eponymous...
Fred Hando described the traditional journey through Caerleon of the MariLwyd or "Venerable Mary", a tradition similar to that of Hoodening found in...
cloth. When the cloth is long enough, such as the sheet used by the Welsh MariLwyd, the performer can also stand up, lifting the head in front of their face...
associated with the midwinter period among the North Germanic peoples MariLwyd – South Wales Christmas folk custom Namahage – Japanese folklore character...
Banter Pwnco, a verse 'battle' forming part of the Welsh custom of the MariLwyd "Nicht Bapst: nicht schreck uns mit deim ban, Und sey nicht so zorniger...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
Apple Day First-foot Jasličkári Koliada Koledari List of Christmas carols MariLwyd Mummers' play Julebukking, Scandinavia Wassail Wish tree Yule goat Polaznik...
'Muck Olla'; not doing so would bring misfortune. This is akin to the MariLwyd (grey mare) procession in Wales, which takes place at Midwinter. In Wales...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
dispersal of the various British hooded animal traditions—among them the MariLwyd of south Wales, the Broad of the Cotswolds, and the Old Ball, Old Tup...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
Apple Day Apple Wassail Here We Come A-wassailing List of hot beverages MariLwyd (a related tradition in Wales) Martin, Scott C. (16 December 2014). The...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
festival, as well as an annual agricultural show and the annual Wassail and MariLwyd in January. There is a local Welsh society for the area, Cymdeithas Cymraeg...
visit, he is shown one of the ancient and highly decorated Mari - a version of the MariLwyd - used by the people in the 'mast horse ceremony', which Ringmer's...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
also draws on oral traditions now lost. A south Welsh folk ritual called MariLwyd (Grey Mare) is still undertaken in December, which some folklorists likewise...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...
Jack Frost Korvatunturi Kallikantzaros Legend of the Christmas Spider MariLwyd Miner's figure Nisse North Pole Old Man Winter Perchta Santa's workshop...