Common name for various parasitic plants that grow on trees and shrubs
For other uses, see Mistletoe (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with witch's broom, which is a growth of the host plant's own tissue, rather than a parasite in itself.
Not to be confused with the Mistel, the translation of a composite aircraft.
Not to be confused with TOW missile.
European mistletoe (Viscum album) attached to a common aspen (Populus tremula)Mistletoe in an apple tree
Mistletoe is the common name for obligate hemiparasitic plants in the order Santalales. They are attached to their host tree or shrub by a structure called the haustorium, through which they extract water and nutrients from the host plant.
The name mistletoe originally referred to the species Viscum album (European mistletoe, of the family Santalaceae in the order Santalales); it is the only species native to the British Isles and much of Europe. A related species with red rather than white fruits, Viscum cruciatum, occurs in Southwest Spain and Southern Portugal, as well as in Morocco in North Africa and in southern Africa.[1] The genus Viscum is not native to North America, but Viscum album was introduced to Northern California in 1900.[2][3]
The eastern mistletoe native to North America, Phoradendron leucarpum, belongs to a distinct genus of the family Santalaceae.
European mistletoe has smooth-edged, oval, evergreen leaves borne in pairs along the woody stem, and waxy, white berries that it bears in clusters of two to six. The eastern mistletoe of North America is similar, but has shorter, broader leaves and longer clusters of 10 or more berries.
Over the centuries, the term has been broadened to include many other species of parasitic plants with similar habits, found in other parts of the world, that are classified in different genera and families such as the Misodendraceae of South America and the mainly southern hemisphere tropical Loranthaceae.
^Cite error: The named reference PWO was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^USDA, NRCS. 2009. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 28 August 2009). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 US
^F. G. Hawksworth and R. F. Scharpf (1986), "Spread of European mistletoe (Viscum album) in California, U.S.A." European Journal of Forest Pathology 16(1):1-6
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