"Closed Sea" redirects here. For the geological feature also known as a "closed sea", see endorheic basin.
Sea that is under the exclusive jurisdiction of a nation
Mare clausum (legal Latin meaning "closed sea") is a term used in international law to mention a sea, ocean or other navigable body of water under the jurisdiction of a state that is closed or not accessible to other states. Mare clausum is an exception to mare liberum (Latin for "free sea"), meaning a sea that is open to navigation to ships of all nations.[1][2] In the generally accepted principle of international waters, oceans, seas, and waters outside national jurisdiction are open to navigation by all and referred to as "high seas" or mare liberum. Portugal and Spain defended a Mare clausum policy during the Age of Discovery.[3] This was soon challenged by other European nations.
^Robert McKenna, "The Dictionary of Nautical Literacy", p. 225 McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003, ISBN 0-07-141950-0
^Gabriel Adeleye, Kofi Acquah-Dadzie, Thomas J. Sienkewicz, James T. McDonough, "World dictionary of foreign expressions: a resource for readers and writers", p. 240, Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1999, ISBN 0-86516-423-1
^The licensing of vessels by the Portuguese was initiated by Prince Henry the Navigator in 1443, after Prince Pedro granted him the monopoly of navigation, war and trade in the lands south of Cape Bojador. Later this law would be enforced by the Bulls Dum Diversas (1452) and Romanus Pontifex (1455), more buls and treaties followed, the most significant being the Treaty of Tordesillas.
Mareclausum (legal Latin meaning "closed sea") is a term used in international law to mention a sea, ocean or other navigable body of water under the...
seafaring trade. The disputation was directed towards the Portuguese Mareclausum policy and their claim of monopoly on the East Indian Trade. Grotius...
and sea routes they discovered. Spain considered the Pacific Ocean a mareclausum—literally a "closed sea" off limits to other naval powers—in part to...
first, championed most famously by John Selden, promoted the concept of mareclausum, which held that states could limit or even close off seas or maritime...
Persian Gulf, and to the Pacific, transforming it into a Portuguese mareclausum. He was appointed head of the "fleet of the Arabian and Persian sea"...
of influence of the two countries, establishing the principle of the Mareclausum. It was confirmed in 1481 by the Pope Sixtus IV, in the papal bull Æterni...
Eksistensi Etnis Tionghoa di Ternate". RRI. Retrieved 2 May 2023. "Junks to MareClausum: China-Maluku Connections in the Spice Wars, 1607–1622" (PDF). Cambridge...
monopoly on navigation in the west African coast, starting a Portuguese Mareclausum policy in the Atlantic Ocean. Ships began to be licensed by Portugal...
conquest and increased war against Muslims and pagans, initiating a mareclausum policy in the Atlantic. The king, who had been inquiring of Genoese experts...
Ottomans. During Philip's reign Spain considered the Pacific Ocean a mareclausum—a sea closed to other naval powers. As the only known entrance from the...
domination of world trade, opposed this idea and claimed in John Selden's Mareclausum (The Closed Sea), "That the Dominion of the British Sea, or That Which...
memories, in 1503 de Gonneville, challenging the Portuguese policy of mareclausum, sailed from Honfleur in Normandy with his crew and the help of two Portuguese...
Aethiopian, Æthiopian, Æthiopic or Ethiopian Sea or Ocean (Latin: Æthiopicum Mare or Oceanus Æthiopicus; Arabic: البحر الأثيوبي) was the name given to the...
Donkin 2003: 91–92 Donkin 2003: 65 Armando Lodolini, Le repubbliche del mare, Roma, Biblioteca di storia patria, 1967. "International School History -...
the context of legal oversight of government agencies. /mænˈdeɪməs/ mareclausum closed sea A body of water under the jurisdiction of a state or nation...
to venture into forbidden waters of the Caribbean, known as Spain's mareclausum, due to their need for salt, in open defiance of Phillip II . Since the...
kings and which was cited approvingly by John Selden in his 1635 work MareClausum: Of the Dominion, or, Ownership of the Sea. Stanley Bindoff noted that...
Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente.. Vol. 1 (Dec I, Lib. 1–5), Vol. 2 (Dec I, Lib. 6–10)...
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