Marcus Gunn jaw-winking or Trigemino-oculomotor synkinesis
Nerves of the orbit, and the ciliary ganglion. Side view. (Trigeminal nerve and oculomotor nerve both visible)
Specialty
Ophthalmology neurology
Marcus Gunn phenomenon is an autosomal dominant condition with incomplete penetrance, in which nursing infants will have rhythmic upward jerking of their upper eyelid. This condition is characterized as a synkinesis: when two or more muscles that are independently innervated have either simultaneous or coordinated movements.[1][2]
Common physiologic examples of synkineses occur during sucking, chewing, or conjugate eye movements. There are also several abnormal cranial nerve synkineses, both acquired and congenital. Marcus Gunn jaw-winking is an example of a pathologic congenital synkinesis.
First described by the ophthalmologist Marcus Gunn in 1883,[3] this condition presents in approximately 5% of neonates with congenital ptosis. This condition has been associated with amblyopia (in 54% of cases), anisometropia (26%), and strabismus (56%).
^Yamada K, Hunter DG, Andrews C, Engle EC (September 2005). "A novel KIF21A mutation in a patient with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles and Marcus Gunn jaw-winking phenomenon". Arch. Ophthalmol. 123 (9): 1254–9. doi:10.1001/archopht.123.9.1254. PMID 16157808.[permanent dead link]
^Cates CA, Tyers AG (2008). "Results of levator excision followed by fascia lata brow suspension in patients with congenital and jaw-winking ptosis". Orbit. 27 (2): 83–9. doi:10.1080/01676830701376072. PMID 18415867. S2CID 23268883.
^Gunn RM. Congenital ptosis with peculiar associated movements of the affected lid. Trans Ophthal Soc UK. 1883;3:283-7.
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