Synkinesis is a neurological symptom in which a voluntary muscle movement causes the simultaneous involuntary contraction of other muscles. An example might be smiling inducing an involuntary contraction of the eye muscles, causing a person to squint when smiling. Facial and extraocular muscles are affected most often; in rare cases, a person's hands might perform mirror movements.
Synkinesis is usually caused by dysfunction of a particular nerve. Potential causes include improper healing after nerve trauma or neurodegeneration, as occurs in Parkinson's disease. In congenital cases, mutations of genes involved in nerve growth, specifically axonal growth have been found. Rarely, it occurs as part of syndromes with neuroendocrine problems, such as Kallman syndrome. The prognosis is usually good with normal intelligence and lifespan. Treatment depends on the cause, but is largely conservative with facial retraining or mime therapy, if needed, while Botox and surgery are used as last resort.
re-innervation and can promote the development of synkinesis. The most common symptoms of facial synkinesis include: Eye closure with volitional contraction...
Internal pterygoid-levator synkinesis is when the eyelid raises upon teeth clenching External pterygoid-levator synkinesis is the more common group.[citation...
including hyperactive muscles and synkinesis, both of which are permanent. [citation needed] The most common form of synkinesis for Ramsay Hunt Syndrome patients...
(NSS) are a group of minor non-focal neurological signs that include synkinesis. Other soft signs including clumsiness, and loss of fine motor movement...
but 88% subsequently have Lyme arthritis. Other research shows that synkinesis (involuntary movement of a facial muscle when another one is voluntarily...
(external pterygoid nerve) Marcus Gunn phenomenon (external pterygoid-levator synkinesis) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title External...
observed: clumsiness, angularity of movements, many superfluous movements, synkinesis (cases 1, 2, 3 and 4). Inadequacy of facial expressions and expressive...
with the help of mirror movements executed by the right hand (enabling synkinesis). Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Geschwind et al. found damage...
sense of smell) including sensorineural deafness, coloboma, bimanual synkinesis, craniofacial abnormalities, and/or renal agenesis. IHH is divided into...
Deafness-dystonia syndrome. Signs and symptoms included hyperreflexia, dyspraxia, synkinesis, atrophy, and progressive dystonia. A third patient, a 30-year-old male...
However, this improved after only a few months. Almost all procedures show synkinesis, meaning involuntary movements appear during the voluntary movements....
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