(Based on a broad circumscription of M. officinarum)
Atropa acaulis Stokes
Atropa humilis Salisb.
Atropa mandragora L., nom. illeg.
Mandragora acaulis Gaertn.
Mandragora autumnalis Bertol.
Mandragora foemina Garsault
Mandragora haussknechtii Heldr.
Mandragora hispanica Vierh.
Mandragora × hybrida Hausskn. & Heldr.
Mandragora mas Garsault
Mandragora microcarpa Bertol.
Mandragora neglecta G.Don ex Loudon
Mandragora praecox Sweet
Mandragora vernalis Bertol.
Mandragora officinarum is the type species of the plant genus Mandragora in the nightshade family Solanaceae.[2] It is often known as mandrake, although this name is also used for other plants. As of 2015[update], sources differed significantly in the species they use for Mandragora plants native to the Mediterranean region. The main species found around the Mediterranean is called Mandragora autumnalis, the autumn mandrake. In a broader circumscription, all the plants native to the regions around the Mediterranean Sea are placed in M. officinarum, which thus includes M. autumnalis. The names autumn mandrake and Mediterranean mandrake are then used.[3] Whatever the circumscription, Mandragora officinarum is a perennial herbaceous plant with ovate leaves arranged in a rosette, a thick upright root, often branched, and bell-shaped flowers followed by yellow or orange berries.
Because mandrakes contain deliriant hallucinogenic tropane alkaloids (atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine) which cause delirium and hallucinations,[2] and the shape of their roots often resembles human figures, they have been associated with a variety of religious and spiritual practices throughout history.[2] They have long been used in magic rituals,[2] today also in contemporary Pagan practices such as Wicca and Heathenry.[4] However, the so-called "mandrakes" used in this way are not always species of Mandragora let alone Mandragora officinarum; for example, Bryonia alba, the English mandrake, is explicitly mentioned in some sources.
^Cite error: The named reference Ungr98 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdKennedy, David O. (2014). "The Deliriants - The Nightshade (Solanaceae) Family". Plants and the Human Brain. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 131–137. ISBN 9780199914012. LCCN 2013031617.
^Cite error: The named reference GRIN was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^John Gerard (1597). "Herball, Generall Historie of Plants". Claude Moore Health Sciences Library. Archived from the original on 2012-09-01. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
and 21 Related for: Mandragora officinarum information
Mandragoraofficinarum is the type species of the plant genus Mandragora in the nightshade family Solanaceae. It is often known as mandrake, although this...
Mandragora autumnalis, known as mandrake or autumn mandrake, is recognized by some sources as a separate species from Mandragoraofficinarum, although...
mandrake Mandragoraofficinarum, mandrake or Mediterranean mandrake, the type species of the genus Mandragora turcomanica, Turkmenian mandrake Mandragora (novel)...
root of a plant, historically derived either from plants of the genus Mandragora (in the Solanaceae family) found in the Mediterranean region, or from...
Datura stramonium (Jimson weed), Hyoscyamus niger (henbane), and Mandragoraofficinarum (mandrake) in the form of the tropane alkaloids scopolamine, atropine...
World medicine such as Hyoscyamus niger, Atropa belladonna, and Mandragoraofficinarum. The generic name Datura is taken from Hindi धतूरा dhatūra "thorn-apple"...
classifications, the mandrake (Mandragoraofficinarum) has been placed in the genus Atropa, under the binomial Atropa mandragora. Six species and one natural...
found around the Mediterranean (Mandragora autumnalis and/or Mandragoraofficinarum) chiefly by being larger. Mandragora turcomanica is a perennial herbaceous...
mandrakes referenced in Genesis and in Song of Solomon were not MandragoraOfficinarum L, but instead might be Agaricus campestris L. A less serious, but...
trumpet (Brugmansia), deadly nightshade (Belladonna), mandrake (Mandragoraofficinarum), and corkwood (Duboisia). The biosynthesis of scopolamine begins...
(October 2010). "New withanolides from Mandragoraofficinarum: first report of withanolides from the Genus Mandragora". Fitoterapia. 81 (7): 864–8. doi:10...
were known as pharmaka diabolika ("devilish drugs"). The root of Mandragoraofficinarum, the celebrated mandrake, fabled in legend to shriek when uprooted...
levo-isomer of atropine, from henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), mandrake (Mandragoraofficinarum) and the sorcerers' tree (Latua pubiflora). Scopolamine, from henbane...
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