It has been suggested that this article be merged into Α-Glucosidase. (Discuss) Proposed since November 2023.
Alpha-glucosidase
Identifiers
EC no.
3.2.1.20
CAS no.
9001-42-7
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metabolic pathway
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MaltoseLigand (NAG) interactions in Maltase-GlucoamylaseInteractions of oligosaccharides in Alpha-amylase
Maltase (EC 3.2.1.20, alpha-glucosidase, glucoinvertase, glucosidosucrase, maltase-glucoamylase, alpha-glucopyranosidase, glucosidoinvertase, alpha-D-glucosidase, alpha-glucoside hydrolase, alpha-1,4-glucosidase, alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase) is one type of alpha-glucosidase enzymes located in the brush border of the small intestine.[1][2] This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharide maltose into two simple sugars of glucose. Maltase is found in plants, bacteria, yeast, humans, and other vertebrates. It is thought to be synthesized by cells of the mucous membrane lining the intestinal wall.[3]
Digestion of starch requires six intestinal enzymes. Two of these enzymes are luminal endo-glucosidases named alpha-amylases. The other four enzymes have been identified as different maltases, exo-glucosidases bound to the luminal surface of enterocytes. Two of these maltase activities were associated with sucrase-isomaltase (maltase Ib, maltase Ia). The other two maltases with no distinguishing characteristics were named maltase-glucoamylase (maltases II and III). The activities of these four maltases are also described as alpha-glucosidase because they all digest linear starch oligosaccharides to glucose.[4][2]
In most cases, it is equivalent to alpha-glucosidase, but the term "maltase" emphasizes the disaccharide nature of the substrate from which glucose is cleaved, and "alpha-glucosidase" emphasizes the bond, whether the substrate is a disaccharide or polysaccharide.[citation needed]
Vampire bats are the only vertebrates known to not exhibit intestinal maltase activity.[5]
^"Maltase: Baking Ingredients". BAKERpedia. 14 January 2021.
^ abQuezada-Calvillo R, Robayo-Torres CC, Opekun AR, Sen P, Ao Z, Hamaker BR, et al. (July 2007). "Contribution of mucosal maltase-glucoamylase activities to mouse small intestinal starch alpha-glucogenesis". The Journal of Nutrition. 137 (7): 1725–33. doi:10.1093/jn/137.7.1725. PMID 17585022.
^The Editors (8 June 2020). "Maltase". Encyclopedia Britannica. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |author= has generic name (help)
^Nichols BL, Baker SS, Quezada-Calvillo R (June 2018). "Metabolic Impacts of Maltase Deficiencies". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 66 Suppl 3 (3): S24–S29. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001955. PMID 29762372. S2CID 46891498.
^Schondube JE, Herrera-M LG, Martínez del Rio C (2001). "Diet and the evolution of digestion and renal function in phyllostomid bats" (PDF). Zoology. 104 (1): 59–73. doi:10.1078/0944-2006-00007. PMID 16351819.
caused by a mutation in a gene (acid alpha-glucosidase: also known as acid maltase) on long arm of chromosome 17 at 17q25.2-q25.3 (base pair 75,689,876 to...
nature of the glycosidic bond. Maltose can be broken down to glucose by the maltase enzyme, which catalyses the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond.[citation...
have the enzyme maltase, which breaks down malt sugar, in their intestinal tract. Nectivorous and frugivorous bats have more maltase and sucrase enzymes...
breaks the bonds linking saccharides, which cannot be broken by amylase or maltase. It digests polysaccharides at the alpha 1-6 linkages. Its substrate, alpha-limit...
which further break down oligosaccharides. Other brush border enzymes are maltase, sucrase and lactase. Lactase is absent in some adult humans and, for them...
with the help of a corresponding disaccharidase (sucrase, lactase, and maltase). There are two functionally different classes of disaccharides: Reducing...
Additional digestive enzymes produced by these glands include dipeptidases, maltase, sucrase, lactase, and enterokinase. Alanine aminopeptidase Carboxypeptidase...
activated carbon filters. Adding a small quantity of diastatic malt provides maltase and simple sugars to support the yeasts initially. Bakers often make loaves...
enzyme amylase and is itself broken down during digestion by the enzyme maltase. Sucrose is found in the stems of sugarcane and roots of sugar beet. It...
Allulose is a weak inhibitor of the enzymes α-glucosidase, α-amylase, maltase, and sucrase. Because of this, it can inhibit the metabolism of starch...
aminopeptidases that convert peptones and polypeptides into amino acids. Maltase: converts maltose into glucose. Lactase: This is a significant enzyme that...
absorbed through the epithelium. These enzymes include peptidase, sucrase, maltase, lactase and intestinal lipase. This is in contrast to the gastric glands...
metabolic diseases affect the normal metabolic processes in the body: Acid maltase deficiency Carnitine deficiency Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency...
cyanogenic glucoside is amygdalin, which occurs in bitter almonds. The enzyme maltase decomposes it into glucose and mandelic nitrile glucoside; the latter is...
chewing by means of amylase, which is contained in saliva, as well as by maltase, lactase, and sucrase on the brush border of the small intestine. Glucose...
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