Avoiding potential triggers in those susceptible[2]
Treatment
Dantrolene, supportive care[4]
Prognosis
Risk of death: 5% (treatment), 75% (no treatment)[3]
Frequency
~1 in 25,000 cases where anesthetic gases are used[1]
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a type of severe reaction that occurs in response to particular medications used during general anesthesia, among those who are susceptible.[1] Symptoms include muscle rigidity, fever, and a fast heart rate.[1] Complications can include muscle breakdown and high blood potassium.[1][2] Most people who are susceptible to MH are generally unaffected when not exposed to triggering agents.[3]
Exposure to triggering agents (certain volatile anesthetic agents or succinylcholine) can lead to the development of MH in those who are susceptible.[1][3] Susceptibility can occur due to at least six genetic mutations, with the most common one being of the RYR1 gene.[1] These genetic variations are often inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.[1] The condition may also occur as a new mutation or be associated with a number of inherited muscle diseases, such as central core disease.[1][4]
In susceptible individuals, the medications induce the release of stored calcium ions within muscle cells.[1] The resulting increase in calcium concentrations within the cells cause the muscle fibers to contract.[1] This generates excessive heat and results in metabolic acidosis.[1] Diagnosis is based on symptoms in the appropriate situation.[2] Family members may be tested to see if they are susceptible by muscle biopsy or genetic testing.[4]
Treatment is with dantrolene and rapid cooling along with other supportive measures.[2][4] The avoidance of potential triggers is recommended in susceptible people.[2] The condition affects one in 5,000 to 50,000 cases where people are given anesthetic gases.[1] Males are more often affected than females.[3] The risk of death with proper treatment is about 5% while without it is around 75%.[3] While cases that appear similar to MH have been documented since the early 20th century, the condition was only formally recognized in 1960.[3]
^ abcdefghijklmnop"malignant hyperthermia". Genetics Home Reference. Jan 27, 2017. Archived from the original on 27 June 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
^ abcdefg"Malignant hyperthermia" (PDF). Orpha.net. March 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
^ abcdefghSchneiderbanger, D; Johannsen, S; Roewer, N; Schuster, F (2014). "Management of malignant hyperthermia: diagnosis and treatment". Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 10: 355–62. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S47632. PMC 4027921. PMID 24868161.
^ abcd"Malignant hyperthermia". GARD. 30 June 2014. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
and 27 Related for: Malignant hyperthermia information
Malignanthyperthermia (MH) is a type of severe reaction that occurs in response to particular medications used during general anesthesia, among those...
the central nervous system. Malignanthyperthermia is a rare complication of some types of general anesthesia. Hyperthermia can also be caused by a traumatic...
that can produce similar symptoms such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignanthyperthermia, anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, and meningitis...
production, muscle pain, and rash. Serious side effects include malignanthyperthermia, hyperkalemia and allergic reactions. It is not recommended in people...
Malignanthyperthermia and malignant catatonia share features of autonomic instability, hyperthermia, and rigidity. However, malignanthyperthermia is...
disorders referred to as "malignant" include: Malignant hypertension MalignanthyperthermiaMalignant otitis externa Malignant tertian malaria (malaria...
It is the primary drug used for the treatment and prevention of malignanthyperthermia, a rare, life-threatening disorder triggered by general anesthesia...
to discern hypothermia or fever, and to allow early detection of malignanthyperthermia. Electroencephalography, entropy monitoring, or other systems may...
Horses that are homozygous (My/My) may have more severe symptoms. Malignanthyperthermia (MH) causes a horse’s body to release uncontrolled amounts of calcium...
fluid), and defects in the fetal blood supply. Other causes could be: hyperthermia, limb immobilization and viral infections. A specific virus that may...
effects can include malignanthyperthermia or high blood potassium. It should not be used in patients with a history of malignanthyperthermia in either themselves...
been reported to develop malignanthyperthermia, the gene mutation of diseases known to be associated with malignanthyperthermia is different from that...
temporomandibular joint. Finally, the muscle undergoes spasm with malignanthyperthermia as do other skeletal muscles, but this one is easily noted, since...
Some conditions, like local anesthetic toxicity, airway trauma or malignanthyperthermia, can be more directly attributed to specific anesthetic drugs and...
include kidney problems, liver problems, low blood pressure, and malignanthyperthermia. It is unclear if it is safe in either pregnancy or breastfeeding...
the Internet country code top-level domain for Marshall Islands Malignanthyperthermia, in medicine Masked hypertension, the phenomenon where a patient...
Myalgia Dark urine Calcium ion loss Trauma, vascular problems, malignanthyperthermia, certain drugs and other situations can destroy or damage the muscle...
skeletal muscle diseases and disorders including malignanthyperthermia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Furthermore, the isoenzyme determination...
polysaccharide storage myopathy - in Paints, Quarter Horses and Appaloosas), malignanthyperthermia (MH) and glycogen branching enzyme deficiency (GBED). The influence...
Neuromuscular blocking agents used in anesthesia may result in malignanthyperthermia, also associated with rhabdomyolysis Medications that cause serotonin...
also called lockjaw for this reason Malignanthyperthermia Malaria severa Secondary to neuroleptic drug use Malignant otitis externa Mumps Peritonsillar...
metabolic syndromes such as serotonin syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignanthyperthermia and thyroid storm. The risk of heat stroke can be reduced...
stress syndrome, also known as malignanthyperthermia or PSS, is a condition in pigs. It is characterised by hyperthermia triggered by stress, anaesthesia...
early post-operative fever that are omitted from this list include malignanthyperthermia, a potentially life-threatening but treatable response to inhalational...
and anger. Other causes include: Pain Fever Anxiety Dehydration Malignanthyperthermia Hypovolemia with hypotension and shock Anemia Hyperthyroidism Mercury...
should not be used in people with a personal or family history of malignanthyperthermia. It appears to be safe in porphyria. It is unclear whether its usage...
Global Information