Uprising in the south and east of German East Africa, 1905–1907
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Maji Maji Rebellion
Part of Scramble for Africa
Battle of Mahenge, painting by Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert, 1908.
Date
July 1905 – August 1907
Location
German East Africa (modern-day Tanzania)
Result
German victory
Belligerents
Germany
German East Africa
Qadiriyya Brotherhood
Matumbi Ngindo, Ngoni, Yao tribes
other Tanganyikans
Commanders and leaders
G.A. von Götzen
Kurt Johannes
F. W. von Lindeiner-Wildau
Kinjekitile Ngwale
Nasr Khalfan[1]
Hemedi Muhammad
Strength
c. 2,000
c. 90,000
Casualties and losses
15 Germans, 73 askari, and 316 ruga ruga[2]
75,000–300,000 total dead by famine, disease, and violence[3][4]
v
t
e
Scramble for Africa
South Africa (1879)
South Africa (1880)
Tunisia (1881)
Sudan (1881)
Egypt (1882)
Wassoulou (1883)
Madagascar (1883)
Eritrea (1885)
Equatoria (1886–89)
Somalia (1888–1924)
Congo (1895)
Dahomey (1890)
Mashonaland (1890)
Katanga (1891−92)
Dahomey (1892)
Matabeleland (1893)
Morocco (1893–94)
Wassoulou (1894)
Ashanti (1895)
South Africa (1895)
Ethiopia (1896)
Matabeleland (1896)
Zanzibar (1896)
Benin (1897)
Wassoulou (1898)
Chad (1898)
Fashoda (1898)
South Africa (1899)
Somaliland (1900)
Aro (1901)
Angola (1902)
Namibia (1904)
Tanganyika (1905)
Morocco (1905–06)
South Africa (1906)
Morocco (1907–34)
Mufilo (1907)
Morocco (1909)
Ouaddai (1909)
Morocco (1911)
Libya (1911–12)
South Africa (1914)
Darfur (1916)
The Maji Maji Rebellion (German: Maji-Maji-Aufstand, Swahili: Vita vya Maji Maji), was an armed rebellion of Africans against German colonial rule in German East Africa (modern-day Tanzania). The war was triggered by German colonial policies designed to force the indigenous population to grow cotton for export. The war lasted from 1905 to 1907, during which 75,000 to 300,000 died, overwhelmingly from famine.[5] The end of the war was followed by a period of famine, known as the Great Hunger (ukame), caused in large part by the scorched-earth policies used by governor von Götzen to suppress the rebellion. These tactics have been described by scholars as genocidal.[6][7]
^Islam in Africa, p. 221
^Cite error: The named reference Koponen1995 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Walter Nuhn: Flammen über Deutsch-Ostafrika. Der Maji-Maji-Aufstand 1905/06. Die erste gemeinsame Erhebung schwarzafrikanischer Völker gegen weiße Kolonialherrschaft. ("Flames over German East Africa: The Maji Maji Uprising of 1905/06, the First Uprising of African People Against White Colonial Rule") Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Kolonialgeschichte ("A Contribution to German Colonial History"). Bernard & Graefe, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-7637-5969-7.
^Michelle Moyd “Genocide and War,” in Genocide: Key Themes, ed. Donald Bloxham and A. Dirk Moses (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022), pp 242.
^John Iliffe, "The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion". The Journal of African History, Vol. 8, No. 3 (1967), pp. 495–512 (p. 495). JSTOR 179833.
^Cite error: The named reference Schaller was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Bachmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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