Loulan (Chinese: 樓蘭; pinyin: Lóulán < Eastern Han Chinese lo-lɑn < Old Chinese rô-rân[1]), also known as Kroraïna (Krorayina) in native Gandhari documents or Krorän in later Uyghur (Uyghur: كروران), was an ancient kingdom based around an important oasis city along the Silk Road already known in the 2nd century BCE on the northeastern edge of the Lop Desert.[2][3][4][5] The term Loulan is the Chinese transcription of the native name Kroraïna and is used to refer to the city near Lop Nur as well as the kingdom.
The kingdom was renamed Shanshan (鄯善) after its king was assassinated by an envoy of the Han dynasty in 77 BCE;[6] however, the town at the northwestern corner of the brackish desert lake Lop Nur retained the name of Loulan. The kingdom included at various times settlements such as Niya, Charklik, Miran and Qiemo. It was intermittently under Chinese control from the early Han dynasty onward until its abandonment centuries later. The ruins of Loulan are near the now-desiccated Lop Nur in the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang and they are now completely surrounded by desert.[7]
^Schuessler, Axel. (2009) Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 152, 246
^Watson 1993, p. 233.
^Victor Mair (May 14, 2019). "Language Log » Prakritic "Kroraina" and Old Sinitic reconstructions of "Loulan"". languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
^"Catalog – CKD 696". gandhari.org. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
^Stefan Baums and Andrew Glass. A Dictionary of Gāndhārī – Krorayina. Gandhari.org. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
Loulan (Chinese: 樓蘭; pinyin: Lóulán < Eastern Han Chinese lo-lɑn < Old Chinese rô-rân), also known as Kroraïna (Krorayina) in native Gandhari documents...
nurtured the kingdom of Loulan since the second century BC, an ancient civilisation along the Silk Road, which skirted the lake-filled basin. Loulan became...
which is commonly rendered in Chinese as Loulan. The Western Han dynasty took direct control of the kingdom some time after 77 BCE, and it was later known...
Han Chinese politics in Central Asia. The Loulankingdom ceased to exist in 77 BC, as the last king of Loulan, Angui, was assassinated by two of Fu Jiezi's...
Zhi's crush. Kang Lei as An Ping Prince of LoulanKingdom. Dilraba Dilmurat as An Xin Princess of LoulanKingdom. She likes Kou Feng. Ji Chen as Mo Dong...
Turpan and LoulanKingdom spoke the Tocharian languages. Turkestan Chinese Turkestan Chinese Tartary Hexi Corridor History of the Han dynasty Kingdom of Khotan...
against the Xiongnu but could not find them. He then attacked LoulanKingdom and Jushi Kingdom with only 700 cavalry, subjugating them. In the autumn of 104...
Numidia. Siege of Zama Rome besieges Zama 108 BC Battle of Loulan Han forces defeat LoulanKingdom. Siege of Thala Rome besieges Thala 107 BC Battle of Burdigala...
000 inhabitants and Agni (Yanqi or Karashar) with 32,000. Next was the LoulanKingdom (Krorän), first mentioned in 126 BC. Chinese histories give no evidence...
Kyrgyz Loulan A Xinjiang girl with a Japanese mother who lives in the Taklamakna desert, and she was named after the ancient LoulanKingdom. During the...
— Hanshu, chapter 96a, translation from Hulsewé 1979. Niya became part of LoulanKingdom by the third century. Towards the end of the fourth century it was under...
dynasty invaded and annexed the Dian Kingdom. 108 BC December Battle of Loulan: Han forces attacked the LoulanKingdom at Lop Nur. 102 BC Han forces laid...
have been found in various locations in the western Tarim Basin such as Loulan, the Xiaohe Tomb complex, and Qäwrighul. These mummies have been previously...
oases of the Taklamakan Desert." List of Bronze Age sites in China LoulanKingdom (Kroraina) Charklik Tarim mummies Niya Miran (China) "Burial Site from...
BLER4 AKV2 PLIII PHOTB Judeo-Persian letter BLI7 OR8212166R1 1 Kingdom of Khotan LoulanKingdom Niya Xiaohe Tomb complex Major national historical and cultural...
against the Xiongnu but could not find them. He then attacked LoulanKingdom and Jushi Kingdom with only 700 cavalry, subjugating them. In 105 BC, Wuwei Chanyu...
(206 BC–220 AD). Chu-Han Contention (207 BC–202 BC) Han dynasty, 190 BC - kingdoms in red, commanderies in black 154 BC - Rebellion of the Seven States Southern...
Hellenistic tapestries have also been found in Loulan by Aurel Stein, indicating a cultural link between Loulan and Khotan. The existence of this tapestry...
born in Qingyang, Gansu, was responsible for the assassination of the Loulan king Angui in 77 BC. Although fond of study, at fourteen years of age he...
Beauty of Loulan was surrounded by funerary gifts. The Beauty of Loulan has been dated back to approximately 1800 BCE. The Beauty of Loulan lived around...
the Silk Roads. The kingdom of Khotan was one of the many small states found in the Tarim Basin, which included Yarkand, Loulan (Shanshan), Turfan, the...
Qarqan) river, across from the modern Cherchen. Qiemo became part of LoulanKingdom after it was under Chinese control during the Han dynasty and renamed...
848–1036 AD), Golden Mountain Kingdom of Western Han (西漢金山國; Xīhàn Jīnshān guó; Hsi-han Chin-shan kuo, 909–911), Dunhuang Kingdom of Western Han (西漢敦煌國; Xīhàn...
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