Guiyi Circuit Golden Mountain Kingdom of Western Han Dunhuang Kingdom of Western Han
歸義軍 / 西漢金山國 / 西漢敦煌國
851–1036
Status
Circuit/Kingdom/Tributary to Tang dynasty
Capital
Ganzhou (Zhangye) Shazhou (Dunhuang)
Common languages
Chinese, Old Tibetan, Sogdian
Government
Monarchy, Military
History
• Established
851
• Disestablished
1036
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Tibetan Empire
Dingnan Jiedushi
Xiliangfu
Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
Today part of
China
The Guiyi Circuit, also known as the Guiyi Army (Chinese: 歸義軍; pinyin: Guīyì Jūn; Wade–Giles: Kui1-i4 Chün1; lit. 'Returning-to-Righteousness Army', 848–1036 AD), Golden Mountain Kingdom of Western Han (西漢金山國; Xīhàn Jīnshān guó; Hsi-han Chin-shan kuo, 909–911), Dunhuang Kingdom of Western Han (西漢敦煌國; Xīhàn Dūnhuáng guó; Hsi-han Tun-huang kuo, 911–914), was a Chinese regional military command and later an autonomous dynastic regime nominally subordinate to the Tang dynasty, the Five Dynasties, and the Northern Song dynasty. The Guiyi Circuit was controlled by the Zhang family from the second half of the 9th century to the 10th century and then the Cao family until the 11th century. The Guiyi Circuit was headquartered in Shazhou (沙州; modern-day Dunhuang).
The GuiyiCircuit, also known as the Guiyi Army (Chinese: 歸義軍; pinyin: Guīyì Jūn; Wade–Giles: Kui1-i4 Chün1; lit. 'Returning-to-Righteousness Army', 848–1036...
between the Ganzhou Uyghurs and the GuiyiCircuit. By the early 11th century both the Uyghurs and GuiyiCircuit were conquered by the Tangut people of...
Corridor and governed it as the military commissioner (jiedushi) of GuiyiCircuit (headquartered in modern Dunhuang) under nominal authority of the Tang...
Yuanhao to conquer the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom. Two years later the GuiyiCircuit surrendered to the Tanguts. Yuanhao invaded the Qinghai region as well...
Kingdom of Qocho attacked the GuiyiCircuit but was repelled. In 876 the Kingdom of Qocho seized Yizhou from the GuiyiCircuit. In 880, Qocho attacked Shazhou...
Princess Taihe to Bilge Khagan. The ethnically Chinese Cao family ruling GuiyiCircuit established marriage alliances with the Uighurs of the Ganzhou Kingdom...
the Tang dynasty, Khotan formed an alliance with the rulers of the GuiyiCircuit. The Buddhist entitites of Dunhuang and Khotan had a tight-knit partnership...
capital there under the name of Xiping. By 1036 they had annexed the GuiyiCircuit and the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom, even pushing into Tibetan territory...
period include Zhao, Yiwu Circuit, Dingnan Circuit, Wuping Circuit, Qingyuan Circuit, Yin, Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom, GuiyiCircuit and Xiliangfu. The Yang...
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